WWII Online Wiki - User contributions [en]

Tiers

2025-12-10T16:09:07Z

Hatch: /* Introduction */

=Introduction=

Tiers represent when equipment is introduced into the game. A tier roughly correspond to a year, so what the tiers roughly cover are below;

*Tier 0- From the 10th may 1940 when the Germans launched ''Fall Gelb''.
*Tier 1-1941
*Tier 2-1942
*Tier 3-1943
*Tier 4-1944 (planned)
*Tier 5-1945 (planned)

Campaigns normally start in tier 0 and the length of the tiers can vary as it is set by CRS. However, a tier normally last 7 to 10 days before moving on to the next tier. Tier progression can be monitored by the .rdp command. This will give a % of tier progression. Once a new tier is reached they normally roll over automatically onto the next tier. The current exception to this is tier 3 which requires some manual changes from the game managers.

Tiers are reset back to tier 0 once a campaign is finished.

=Infantry=
{|width=100% border=0

| colspan="3" align="center"|

|-
| valign="top"|

'''Tier 0'''
<center>
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
! British !! French !! German!! Italian
|-
|[[Rifleman#British | Rifleman: Enfield No.4 Mk 1 ]] || [[Rifleman#French | Rifleman: MAS 36 ]] || [[Rifleman#German | Karabiner 98k ]] || [[Rifleman#Italian | Rifleman: Carcano Modello 1891 ]]
|-
| [[Submachine_Gunner#British | SMG: M1928 Thompson ]] || [[Submachine_Gunner#French | SMG: MAS 38 ]] || [[Submachine_Gunner#German | SMG: MP40 ]] || [[Submachine_Gunner#Italian| SMG: Modello 38]]
|-
| [[Light_Machine_Gunner#British | LMG: Bren Mk I]] || [[Light_Machine_Gunner#French | LMG: FM 24/29 ]] || [[Light_Machine_Gunner#German | LMG: MG 34 ]] ||
|-
| [[Sniper#British |Sniper: Enfield No.4 Mk 1 (T) ]] || [[Sniper#French |Sniper: Lebel 1886/M93]] || [[Sniper#German | Sniper: Karbiner 98k]] ||
|-
| [[Grenadier#British | Grenadier: Enfield No.4 Mk 1 ]] || [[Grenadier#French | Grenadier: Lebel 1886/M93]] ||
|-
| [[Anti-Tank_Rifleman#British| Boys Anti-Tank Rifle ]] || [[Anti-Tank_Rifleman#French | Boys Anti-Tank Rifle ]] || [[Anti-Tank_Rifleman#German | Panzerbüchse 39 ]] ||
|-
| [[Mortarmen#British| Mortarman: SBML 2 Inch]] || [[Mortarmen#French| Mortarman: 50mm M37]] || [[Mortarmen#German| Mortarman: Granatwerfer 36)]] ||
|-
| [[Engineer#British | Combat Engineer: Enfield No.4 Mk 1]] || [[Engineer#French | Combat Engineer: MAS 36]] || [[Engineer#German | Combat Engineer: Karabiner 98k]] ||
|-
| [[Engineer#British | Engineer: Enfield No.4 Mk 1]] || [[Engineer#French | Engineer: MAS 36]] || [[Engineer#German | Engineer: Karabiner 98k]] ||
|-
| [[sapper#British | Sapper: Webley Revolver]] || [[Sapper#French | Sapper: Modele 1935]] || [[sapper#German | Sapper: Luger Pistole 08]] ||
|}

</center>

| valign="top"|

'''Tier 1'''
<center>
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
! British !! French !! German
|-
| [[Submachine_Gunner#British | SMG: Sten Mk. II ]] || [[Rifleman#French | Rifleman: MAS 40 ]] || [[Rifleman#German | Rifleman: Gewehr 41(W) ]]
|-
|| || || [[Submachine_Gunner#German | SMG: MP34 ]]

|}
</center>

| valign="top"|

'''Tier 2'''
<center>
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
! French !! German
|-
|[[Anti-Tank Soldier#French | AT: M9 Bazooka]] || [[Grenadier#German | Grenadier: Karabiner 98k]]
|}
</center>

| valign="top"|

'''Tier 3'''
<center>
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
! British !! French !! American !! German
|-
| [[Rifleman#British | Rifleman: M1 Garand ]] || [[Submachine_Gunner#French | SMG: M3A1 Grease Gun ]] || [[Rifleman#American | Rifleman: M1903A3 Springfield ]] || [[Rifleman#German| AR: Sturmgewehr 44]]
|-
| [[Anti-Tank Soldier#british| AT: PIAT]] |||| [[Rifleman#American | Rifleman: M1 Garand ]] ||[[Anti-Tank Soldier#German| AT: Panzerschreck]]
|-
||| ||[[Submachine_Gunner#American | M1A1 Thompson ]] ||[[Rifleman#German | Rifleman: Gewehr 43 ]]
|-
||| ||[[Submachine_Gunner#American| SMG: M3A1 Grease Gun ]] ||
|-
||| || [[Engineer#American | Combat Engineer: M1 Garand]] ||
|-
||| || [[Rifleman#American | AR: M1918 BAR ]] ||
|-
||| || [[Sniper#American |Sniper: M1903A4 Sprinfield]] ||
|-
||| || [[Anti-Tank Soldier#American | AT: M9 Bazooka]]||
|-
||| || [[Mortarmen#American| Mortarman: 50mm M37]]||
|-
|||||| [[sapper#american | Sapper: M1911A1 Automatic Pistol ]]||
|}
|}
</center>

{|width=100% border=0

| colspan="3" align="center"|

|-
| valign="top"|

= Airborne Infantry=
{|width=100% border=0

| colspan="3" align="center"|

|-
| valign="top"|

'''Tier 0'''
<center>
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
! British !! French !! American !! German
|-
|| [[ Airborne_Rifleman | Airborne Rifleman]] || [[ Airborne_Rifleman | Airborne Rifleman]] || || [[ Airborne_Rifleman | Airborne Rifleman]]
|-
|| [[Airborne_SMG | Airborne SMG]] || [[Airborne_SMG | Airborne SMG]] || || [[Airborne_SMG | Airborne SMG]]
|-
|| [[Airborne_LMG | Airborne LMG]] || [[Airborne_LMG | Airborne LMG]] || ||[[Airborne_LMG | Airborne LMG]]
|-
|| [[Airborne_Sniper | Airborne Sniper]] || [[Airborne_Sniper | Airborne Sniper]] || || [[Airborne_Sniper | Airborne Sniper]]
|-
|| [[Airborne_Mortarmen | Airborne Mortarman]] || [[Airborne_Mortarmen | Airborne Mortarman]] || || [[Airborne_Mortarmen | Airborne Mortarman]]
|-
|| [[Airborne_Sapper | Airborne Sapper]] || [[Airborne_Sapper | Airborne Sapper]] || || [[Airborne_Sapper | Airborne Sapper]]
|-
|| [[Engineer | Airborne Combat Engineer]] || [[Engineer | Airborne Combat Engineer]] || || [[Engineer | Airborne Combat Engineer]]
|}

</center>

| valign="top"|

'''Tier 1'''
<center>
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
! British !! French !! American !! German
|-
|| || || ||
|-
|| || || ||
|}
</center>

| valign="top"|

'''Tier 2'''
<center>
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
! British !! French !! American !! German
|-
|| || || ||
|-
|| || || ||
|}
</center>

| valign="top"|

'''Tier 3'''
<center>
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
! British !! French !! American !! German
|-
|| [[Anti-Tank Soldier | Airborne PIAT]] || [[Anti-Tank Soldier | Airborne M9 Bazooka]] || [[ Airborne_Rifleman | Airborne Rifleman]] || [[Fallschirmjägergewehr_42 | Airborne FG42 Ausf.G]]
|-
| || || [[Rifleman#American | Airborne Rifleman: M1 Garand]] || [[Anti-Tank Soldier | Airborne Panzerschreck]]
|-
||| || [[Rifleman#American | Airborne Rifleman: M1A1 Carbine]] ||
|-
|| || || [[Airborne_SMG | Airborne SMG]] ||
|-
|| || || [[Airborne_LMG | Airborne LMG]]
|-
|| || || [[Rifleman#American | Airborne AR: M1918 BAR]] ||
|-
|| || || [[Airborne_Sniper | Airborne Sniper]] ||
|-
||| || [[Airborne_Mortarmen | Airborne Mortarman]] ||
|-
||| || [[Airborne_Sapper | Airborne Sapper]] ||
|-
|| || || [[Engineer | Airborne Combat Engineer]] ||
|-
| || || [[Anti-Tank Soldier | Airborne AT: M9 Bazooka]] ||
|}
|}
</center>

{|width=100% border=0

| colspan="3" align="center"|

|-
| valign="top"|

=Armored Fighting Vehicles (AFV)=

{|width=100% border=0

| colspan="3" align="center"|

|-
| valign="top"|

'''Tier 0'''
<center>
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
! British !! French !! German
|-
| [[Vickers| Vickers Mk VIb ]] || [[Panhard 178 | Panard AMD 178]] || [[SdKfz_232| SdKfz 231 ]]
|-
|| [[Vickers#Vickers Mk.VIC|Vickers Mk.VIc ]] || [[R35|Renault R35]] || [[PzKpfw_II| Panzer II C ]] 
|-
| [[Cruiser| A13 Cruiser Mk II ]] || [[H39|Hotchkiss H-39]] || [[Panzerkampfwagen 38(t) | Panzer 38(t)]]
|-
|| [[Matilda| Matilda Mk II ]] || [[S35|Somua S-35]] || [[PzKpfw_III#PzKpfw_III_Ausf._F| Panzer III F ]]
|-
|| [[Matilda#Infantry Tank Mk II (A12) "Matilda II Close Support"| Matilda Mk II CS]] || [[B1_bis| Renault B1 bis]] || [[PzKpfw_IV#PzKpfw_IV_Ausf._D| Panzer IV D]]
|-
|| [[ Universal Carrier| Universal Carrier Mk II]] || [[Laffly W-15 TCC]] || [[StuG#StuG_III_Ausf._B| StuG III B]]
|-
|| || [[ Lorraine 37L | Lorraine 37L APC]] || [[Panzerjäger#Panzerjäger I| Panzerjäger 1]]
|-
|| || || [[SdKfz_251| SdKfz 251 Ausf.C APC]]
|-
|||| || [[SdKfz_251#SdKfz 251/10 Ausf. B| SdKfz 251/10-B (37mm) SPAT Gun]]
|}
</center>

| valign="top"|

'''Tier 1'''
<center>
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
! British !! French !! German
|-
| [[Daimler|Daimler Mk I]] || [[M3_Stuart|Light Tank M3A3 'Stuart']] || [[PzKpfw_III#PzKpfw_III_Ausf._H|Panzer III H]]
|-
|| [[M3_Stuart| M3A3 Stuart V]] || [[Lorraine 37L#Lorraine 37L Anti-Char|Lorraine 37L APC]] |||
|-
| [[Crusader#Crusader_Mk_II| A15 Crusader Mk II ]] || ||
|-
| [[Crusader#Crusader Mk II Close Support| A15 Crusader Mk II CS]]|| ||
|}
</center>

| valign="top"|

'''Tier 2
<center>
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
! British !! French !! German
|-
| [[Crusader#Crusader_Mk_III| A15 Crusader Mk II ]] || [[M4 Sherman#M4A2_Sherman| Medium Tank M4A2 'Sherman']] || [[PzKpfw_III#PzKpfw_III_Ausf._L|Panzer III L]]
|-
| [[Crusader#Crusader_Mk_III| A15 Crusader Mk III ]] |||| [[PzKpfw_III#PzKpfw_III_Ausf._N|Panzer III N]]
|-
| [[Crusader#Crusader Mk III Close support| A15 Crusader Mk III C/S]] || || [[PzKpfw_IV#PzKpfw_IV_Ausf._G|Panzer IV G]]
|-
| [[Churchill#Churchill_Mk_III| A22 Churchill Mk III]] || || [[StuG#StuG_III_Ausf._G|StuG III G ]]
|-
| [[Churchill#Churchill Mk V close Support| A22 Churchill Mk V CS ]] || || [[PzKpfw.VI|Panzer VI E 'Tiger']]
|-
| [[M4 Sherman#M4A2_Sherman| M4A2 Sherman III ]]|| ||
|}
</center>

| valign="top"|

'''Tier 3'''
<center>
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
! British !! French !! Amrican !! German
|-
| [[M10 Wolverine| 3in SPM M10 Mk I]] || [[M10 Wolverine| 76.2mm Gun Motor M10 'Wolverine']] || [[M10 Wolverine|76.2mm Gun Motor M10 'Wolverine']] || [[PzKpfw IV#PzKpfw IV Ausf.H | Panzer IV H]]
|-
| [[M10 Wolverine#M10 Achilles| M10 Achilles TD ]] || [[M4_Sherman#M4A3_Sherman| Medium Tank M4A3 Sherman 76']] || [[M4_Sherman#M4A3_Sherman|Medium Tank M4A3 Sherman 76']] || [[StuG#StuG_III_Ausf._G| StuG III G]]
|-
| [[M4_Sherman#M4A3_Sherman| M4A3(76) Sherman IV]] || || [[M-3 Halftrack | Half-Track Personnel Carrier M3 ]] || [[StuG#StuH42| StuH 42]]
|-
| [[M4_Sherman#Sherman VC Firefly |Sherman Firefly Mk IC]] || || [[M-3 Halftrack#M3 Gun Motor Carriage| 75mm Gun Motor M3 (HT)]] ||
|-
| [[Churchill#Churchill_Mk_VII| A22 Churchill Mk VII]]|| || ||
|-
| [[Churchill#Churchill Mk VIII close Support| A22 Churchill Mk VIII CS]]|| || ||
|}
</center>
|}

=Field Pieces (Anti-Tank and Anti-Aircraft Weapons)=

{|width=100% border=0

| colspan="3" align="center"|

|-
| valign="top"|

'''Tier 0'''

<center>
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
! British !! French !! German
|-
| [[25mm CA mle 1938 | Hotchkiss 25mm AA Gun]] || [[25mm CA mle 1938 | CA mle 1938 25mm AA Gun]] || [[FlaK. 30|FlaK 30 (20mm) AA Gun ]]
|-
|| [[Bofors 40mm | Bofors 40mm AA Gun]]|| [[Bofors 40mm | Bofors 40mm AA Gun ]] || [[Bofors 40mm|FlaK. 28 (40mm) AA Gun]]
|-
| [[ Bedford OY AA | Bedford OY AA Trauck (SPAA)]] || [[Laffy S20 TL SPPA | Laffly S-20 TL SPAA]] || [[Opel Blitz| Opel Blitz (20mm) SPAA]]
|-
|| [[QF 2 Pdr| ROQF 2 Pounder AT Gun ]] || [[25mm SA mle 1934 | SA mle 1934 25mm AT Gun]] || [[PaK. 35/36|PaK 36 37mm AT Gun]]
|-
| || [[47mm SA mle 1937 | SA mle 1937 47mm AT Gun]] || [[FlaK. 36|FlaK 36 88mm AA/AT Gun ]]
|-
|}
</center>

| valign="top"|

'''Tier 1'''

<center>
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
! British !! German
|-
| [[QF 6 Pdr|ROQF 6 Pounder AT Gun]] || [[PaK. 38|PaK. 38 50mm AT Gun ]]
|-
| || [[FlaK. 38|FlaK. 38 (20mm) AA Gun]]
|}
</center>

| valign="top"|

'''Tier 2'''

<center>
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
! British !! French !! German
|-
| [[Crusader A15, AA Mk I | A15 Crusader AA Mk I (SPAA)]] || [[Crusader A15, AA Mk I | A15 Crusader AA Mk I (SPAA)]] || [[SdKfz 7/2 Halftrack | SdKfz 7/2 Halftrack (37mm) SPAA]]
|-
|| || [[M1A3 57mm | M1 57mm AT Gun]] || [[PaK. 40|PaK. 40 (75mm) AT Gun]]
|}

</center>

| valign="top"|

'''Tier 3'''

<center>
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
! British !! French !! American
|-
| [[QF 17 Pdr|ROQF 17 Pounder AT Gun ]] || [[M5 3 inch|M5 3-inch (76.2mm) AT Gun]] || [[M3 37mm anti tank gun| M3 37mm AT Gun]]
|-
||| || [[M5 3 inch|M5 3-inch (76.2mm) AT Gun]]
|-
|}
</center>
|}

=Air Force Units=

{|width=100% border=0

| colspan="3" align="center"|

|-
| valign="top"|

'''Tier 0'''
<center>
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
! British !! French !! German
|-
|| [[Hurricane| Hurricane Mk I]] || [[Hawk|Curtiss H-75]] || [[Bf109|Messerschmitt Bf 109 E-1]]
|-
| [[Hurricane#Hawker Hurricane Mk IIb| Hurricane Mk IIb]] || [[D.520|Dewoitine D.520]] || [[Bf109#Messerschmitt Bf 109E-4|Messerschmitt Bf 109 E-4]]
|-
| [[Spitfire| Spitfire Mk Ia]] || [[Blenheim#Bristol_Blenheim_Mk.IV|Bristol Blenheim Mk IV]] || [[Bf110|Messerschmitt Bf 110 C-4]]
|-
|| [[Blenheim| Blenheim Mk I]] || [[DB7|Douglas DB-7]] || [[Ju87|Junkers Ju 87B Stuka]]
|-
| [[Blenheim#Bristol_Blenheim_Mk.IV| Blenheim Mk IV]] || || [[Junkers Ju 88|Junkers Ju 88-A4]]
|-
| [[Vickers_Wellington_Mk_III | Wellington Mk. III]] || || [[He111|Heinkel He 111H-2]]
|-
| [[Havoc | Boston I]] || ||
|-
| [[C47|C-47 Dakota]] || [[Ju52|Junkers Ju-52 3M ]] || [[Ju52|Junkers Ju-52-3M]]
|}
</center>

| valign="top"|

'''Tier 1'''

<center>
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
! British !! French !! German
|-
| [[Spitfire#Supermarine_Spitfire_Mk_IIB| Spitfire Mk IIb]] || [[Hawk#Curtiss H-81 A2 (early P-40)|Curtiss H-81 A2 (P-40B)]] || [[Bf109#Messerschmitt_Bf_109F-2|Messerschmitt Bf 109F-2]]
|}
</center>

| valign="top"|

'''Tier 2'''

<center>
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
! British !! French !! German
|-
| [[Hurricane#Hawker Hurricane Mk IIc| Hurricane Mk IIc]] || [[ P39| Bell mle 14a (P-39D)]] || [[Bf109#Messerschmitt Bf 109E-4B|Messerschmitt Bf 109 E-4B]]
|-
| [[Hurricane#Hawker Hurricane Mk IIb Fighter Bomber|Hurricane Mk IIb (F/B)]] || [[P39#Model 26 / P-39N Airacobra |Bell mle 26 (P-39N)]] || [[Bf109#Messerschmitt_Bf_109F-4|Messerschmitt Bf 109 F-4]]
|-
| [[Spitfire#Supermarine_Spitfire_Mk.V_B| Spitfire Mk Vb]] || [[Hawk#Curtiss H-87 B3 (P-40F)|Curtiss Hawk H-87B-3 (P-40F)]] || [[Bf109#Messerschmitt Bf 109G-2/R1|Messerschmitt Bf 109G-2/R1]]
|-
| [[Spitfire#Supermarine_Spitfire_Mk.IX_C| Spitfire Mk IXc]] || [[Hawk#Curtiss H-87 B3 (P-40F) Fighter Bomber|Curtiss Hawk H-87B-3 F/B (P-40F)]] || [[Bf109#Messerschmitt Bf 109 G6/U4|Messerschmitt Bf 109G-6/U-4]]
|-
| [[Hawk#Curtiss H-87 B3 (P-40F) Fighter Bomber|Kittyhawk Mk II]] || [[ P38| Lockheed mle 322/15 (P-38F)]] || [[Bf110#Messerschmitt_Bf_110F/B|Messerschmitt Bf 110 F/B]]
|-
|| [[Hurricane#Hawker Hurricane Mk IID|Hurricane Mk IId]] || || [[Fw190#Focke-Wulf Fw 190A-3B Jabo|Focke-Wulf Fw 190A-3B Jabo]]
|-
|||||| [[Fw190|Focke-Wulf Fw 190 A-4]]
|-
|| || || [[Ju87#Junkers Ju 87G2|Junkers Ju 87G2 Stuka]]
|}
</center>

| valign="top"|

'''Tier 3'''

<center>
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"

! French !! American !! German
|-
|| || [[ Hawk_Fighters | Curtiss P-40B Tomahawk]]
|-
|| || [[P38 | Lockheed P-38F Lightning]] ||
|-
|| || [[P39#Model 26 / P-39N Airacobra | Bell P-39N Airacobra]] ||
|-
|| || [[Havoc#A20C Havoc| Douglas A-20C]] ||
|}
</center>
|}

[[Category:GameMechanics]]

File:WWIIOL Aircraft Structural Limits Chart v3.png

2025-11-13T14:24:56Z

Hatch: Hatch uploaded a new version of File:WWIIOL Aircraft Structural Limits Chart v3.png

WWIIOL Aircraft Structural G Limits Chart depicting Operational, Emergency, and Structural Failure positive and negative G values for all aircraft.

File:WWIIOL Aircraft Structural Limits Chart v3.png

2025-11-13T14:23:22Z

Hatch: Hatch reverted File:WWIIOL Aircraft Structural Limits Chart v3.png to an old version

WWIIOL Aircraft Structural G Limits Chart depicting Operational, Emergency, and Structural Failure positive and negative G values for all aircraft.

File:WWIIOL Aircraft Structural Limits Chart v3.png

2025-11-13T14:13:19Z

Hatch: Hatch uploaded a new version of File:WWIIOL Aircraft Structural Limits Chart v3.png

WWIIOL Aircraft Structural G Limits Chart depicting Operational, Emergency, and Structural Failure positive and negative G values for all aircraft.

Plane Max G

2025-05-07T18:49:45Z

Hatch:

[[File:WWIIOL Aircraft Structural Limits Chart v3.png|thumb|File:WWIIOL Aircraft Structural Limits Chart v3]]

All WWII ONLINE aircraft are comprised of multiple components that together make up the airplane. Each component has a job to do. There are engine components, propeller components, wing components, fuselage components, fuel, oil, and glycol tank components, landing gear components, etc., etc. All components accrue damage incrementally, reaching progressive stages that further deteriorates their function as each progressive stage is reached, and have a maximum amount of damage that can be absorbed before complete component failure (the same damage levels used for combat damage for the components of each plane since the AC Damage Level Audit in 1.36.6 back in Aug 2020).

For the next section, refer to the WWIIOL Aircraft Structural Limits Chart v3 image on this page.

When over-stressing the air frame (going above the Orange "Emergency" values), damage is accrued to the wing components over time. When this is happening, you will hear an audible "wrenching metal" sound. The amount of damage being applied per period of time in over stress is determined by how far past the Orange "Emergency" values you go, up to the maximum "Structural Failure" limit. If you only go over the "Emergency" G level a little, and only stay there a short period of time, the damage applied will be very light. However, the farther you push past the safe Orange "Emergency" values, right up to the Red "Structural Failure" limits, the more damage per time in over-stress will be applied, up to the point of total component failure if you persist in remaining in over-stress long enough. The Red "Structural Failure" limit is just what it says. At any time the "Structural Failure" value is exceeded, the component will fail instantly. (Note: This includes the positive and negative G generated by ditching and rough landings.)

Example:

''Does cumulative damage mean that a damaged wing fails at a lower G or does it mean it rips faster when experiencing the normal G level?''
''e.g. Db7 wing has 90% damage, does that wing rip when it experiences G less than the normal amount, say +2G compared to +5 G? Or does it mean it rips faster than normal when exceeding the normal +5 G?''

Until whatever accrued wing component damage accumulates to the point of wing failure, the wing, while possibly having a little less Cl and a little more Cd due to whatever over-stress or combat damage it has already accumulated, is still attached to the air frame and functioning normally.

But when the maximum damage level is finally reached the wing component will fail and break off. So in your example of the 90% damaged Db7 wing, you have 10% left in the component before it fails. You can be safe and not use up any of the remaining 10% by not exceeding the Orange "Emergency" G values, OR you can continue to press your luck but gamble very sparingly with that 10% reserve by just barely popping over the db7 -3/+5 "Emergency" G limit, but not staying there too long, OR you can "bet the house" gambling it all by using that 10% up much faster by pushing the -3.5/+7.5 "Structural Failure" limit, also taking the chance on it failing instantly by unintentionally passing the Db7 -3.5/+7.5 "Structural Failure" limit while pushing it.

The airframe component doesn't care how the G is produced, pulling G’s when in flight or a hard/crash landing. If the Emergency numbers are exceeded, you are pulling from your "damage level reserve" bank. How much and how fast from the bank depends on how far over the "Emergency" G numbers you go. If the "Structural Failure" numbers are crossed, positive or negative, you’re instantly overdrawn.

P.S. On landing, it may no longer be a perfect representation of G induced damage because you’re not actually stressing the wings anymore with airframe weight, but I like the way it gives us the added benefit that G intensive hard and crash landings (aka intentionally slamming in wheels up because your in a hurry) now actually have consequences. You can still belly in without breaking things if you’re careful, but its a lot safer if you can do it slowly and smoothly and choose roads or fields over rougher plowed or forested terrain!

Plane Max G

2025-05-07T18:46:46Z

Hatch:

[[File:WWIIOL Aircraft Structural Limits Chart v3.png|thumb|File:WWIIOL Aircraft Structural Limits Chart v3]]

All WWII ONLINE aircraft are comprised of multiple components that together make up the airplane. Each component has a job to do. There are engine components, propeller components, wing components, fuselage components, fuel, oil, and glycol tank components, landing gear components, etc., etc. All components accrue damage incrementally, reaching progressive stages that further deteriorates their function as each progressive stage is reached, and have a maximum amount of damage that can be absorbed before complete component failure (the same damage levels used for combat damage for the components of each plane since the AC Damage Level Audit in 1.36.6 back in Aug 2020).

For the next section, refer to the WWIIOL Aircraft Structural Limits Chart v3 image on this page.

When over-stressing the air frame (going above the Orange "Emergency" values), damage is accrued to the wing components over time. When this is happening, you will hear an audible "wrenching metal" sound. The amount of damage being applied per period of time in over stress is determined by how far past the Orange "Emergency" values you go, up to the maximum "Structural Failure" limit. If you only go over the "Emergency" G level a little, and only stay there a short period of time, the damage applied will be very light. However, the farther you push past the safe Orange "Emergency" values, right up to the Red "Structural Failure" limits, the more damage per time in over-stress will be applied, up to the point of total component failure if you persist in remaining in over-stress long enough. The Red "Structural Failure" limit is just what it says. At any time the "Structural Failure" value is exceeded, the component will fail instantly. (Note: This includes the positive and negative G generated by ditching and rough landings.)

Example:

''Does cumulative damage mean that a damaged wing fails at a lower G or does it mean it rips faster when experiencing the normal G level?''
''e.g. Db7 wing has 90% damage, does that wing rip when it experiences G less than the normal amount, say +2G compared to +5 G? Or does it mean it rips faster than normal when exceeding the normal +5 G?''

Until whatever accrued wing component damage accumulates to the point of wing failure, the wing, while possibly having a little less Cl and a little more Cd due to whatever over-stress or combat damage it has already accumulated, is still attached to the air frame and functioning normally.

But when the maximum damage level is finally reached the wing component will fail and break off. So in your example of the 90% damaged Db7 wing, you have 10% left in the component before it fails. You can be safe and not use up any of the remaining 10% by not exceeding the Orange "Emergency" G values, OR you can continue to press your luck but gamble very sparingly with that 10% reserve by just barely popping over the db7 -3/+5 "Emergency" G limit, but not staying there too long, OR you can "bet the house" gambling it all by using that 10% up much faster by pushing the -3.5/+7.5 "Structural Failure" limit, or even take your chances on it failing instantly by unintentionally passing the Db7 -3.5/+7.5 "Structural Failure" limit while pushing it.

The airframe component doesn't care how the G is produced, pulling G’s when in flight or a hard/crash landing. If the Emergency numbers are exceeded, you are pulling from your "damage level reserve" bank. How much and how fast from the bank depends on how far over the "Emergency" G numbers you go. If the "Structural Failure" numbers are crossed, positive or negative, you’re instantly overdrawn.

P.S. On landing, it may no longer be a perfect representation of G induced damage because you’re not actually stressing the wings anymore with airframe weight, but I like the way it gives us the added benefit that G intensive hard and crash landings (aka intentionally slamming in wheels up because your in a hurry) now actually have consequences. You can still belly in without breaking things if you’re careful, but its a lot safer if you can do it slowly and smoothly and choose roads or fields over rougher plowed or forested terrain!

Plane Max G

2025-05-07T18:40:34Z

Hatch:

[[File:WWIIOL Aircraft Structural Limits Chart v3.png|thumb|File:WWIIOL Aircraft Structural Limits Chart v3]]

All WWII ONLINE aircraft are comprised of multiple components that together make up the airplane. Each component has a job to do. There are engine components, propeller components, wing components, fuselage components, fuel, oil, and glycol tank components, landing gear components, etc., etc. All components accrue damage incrementally, reaching progressive stages that further deteriorates their function as each progressive stage is reached, and have a maximum amount of damage that can be absorbed before complete component failure (the same damage levels used for combat damage for the components of each plane since the AC Damage Level Audit in 1.36.6 back in Aug 2020).

For the next section, refer to the WWIIOL Aircraft Structural Limits Chart v3 image on this page.

When over-stressing the air frame (going above the Orange "Emergency" values), damage is accrued to the wing components over time. When this is happening, you will hear an audible "wrenching metal" sound. The amount of damage being applied per period of time in over stress is determined by how far past the Orange "Emergency" values you go, up to the maximum "Structural Failure" limit. If you only go over the "Emergency" G level a little, and only stay there a short period of time, the damage applied will be very light. However, the farther you push past the safe Orange "Emergency" values, right up to the Red "Structural Failure" limits, the more damage per time in over-stress will be applied, up to the point of total component failure if you persist in remaining in over-stress long enough. The Red "Structural Failure" limit is just what it says. At any time the "Structural Failure" value is exceeded, the component will fail instantly. (Note: This includes the positive and negative G generated by ditching and rough landings.)

Example:

''Does cumulative damage mean that a damaged wing fails at a lower G or does it mean it rips faster when experiencing the normal G level?''
''e.g. Db7 wing has 90% damage, does that wing rip when it experiences G less than the normal amount, say +2G compared to +5 G? Or does it mean it rips faster than normal when exceeding the normal +5 G?''

Until whatever accrued wing component damage accumulates to the point of wing failure, the wing, while possibly having a little less Cl and a little more Cd due to whatever over-stress or combat damage it has already accumulated, is still attached to the air frame and functioning normally.

But when the maximum damage level is finally reached the wing component will fail and break off. So in your example of the 90% damaged Db7 wing, you have 10% left in the component before it fails. You can be safe and not use up any of the remaining 10% by not exceeding the Orange "Emergency" G values, OR you can continue to press your luck but use it up real slow by just barely popping over the db7 -3/+5 "Emergency" G limit, but not stay there too long, OR you can gamble it all and take your chances by using it up a lot faster by pushing the -3.5/+7.5 "Structural Failure" limit, or even take your chances on it failing instantly by unintentionally passing the Db7 -3.5/+7.5 "Structural Failure" limit while pushing it.

The airframe component doesn't care how the G is produced, pulling G’s when in flight or a hard/crash landing. If the Emergency numbers are exceeded, you are pulling from your "damage level reserve" bank. How much and how fast from the bank depends on how far over the "Emergency" G numbers you go. If the "Structural Failure" numbers are crossed, positive or negative, you’re instantly overdrawn.

P.S. On landing, it may no longer be a perfect representation of G induced damage because you’re not actually stressing the wings anymore with airframe weight, but I like the way it gives us the added benefit that G intensive hard and crash landings (aka intentionally slamming in wheels up because your in a hurry) now actually have consequences. You can still belly in without breaking things if you’re careful, but its a lot safer if you can do it slowly and smoothly and choose roads or fields over rougher plowed or forested terrain!

Bf109

2025-05-07T17:40:42Z

Hatch: /* Messerschmitt Bf 109E-4 */

=Messerschmitt Bf 109E-1=

{| class="wikitable floatright"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | [[File:Ac_de_bf109_e1.jpg|400px]]
|- style="background:#666600; color:#fff;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | '''Messerschmitt Bf 109E-1'''
|- style="background:#ddb;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | Specifications
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Type''' || Fighter
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Armament''' || 4 x 7.9 mm Machine Guns
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Crew''' || 1 (Pilot)
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Weight''' || 2,573kg
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Top Speed''' || 554km/h
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Max G''' || -6 / +11.5
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Armored Glass Windscreen''' || No
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Pilot Armor (back/head)''' || No
|}

==History==

Almost doomed by the bureaucracy of the RLM prior to its maiden flight, the Messerschmitt Bf 109 went on to become the most numerously produced German fighter of the war. Its design was simple; a compact slender airframe with plenty of power and a heavy gun package.

The Bf 109 combat lineage began with the Spanish Civil war when in October 1936 a handful of early Bf 109 prototypes were hastily sent as reinforcement to the embattled Nationalist air force. All in all some 140 Bf 109s of different variants were engaged in Spain between 1936 and 1939. Thus, by the outbreak of WWII the E model was a combat tested fighter aircraft of proven quality. Equally important, the 'field test' in Spain had given its pilots and leaders plenty of experience with this new generation of high-speed monoplane aircraft that led to development of new tactics and procedures that have held true through to this day.

The Bf 109 enjoyed a good turn of speed and a very high rate of climb as its most useful performance attributes, and good combat pilots learned how to employ this against opponents who could not climb as quickly. The 109 series had certain shortcomings, chief among them a very short operational range, a narrow and cramped cockpit and bad handling on bumpy grass airstrips due to the very narrow landing gear footprint.

The Bf 109E-1, first fielded in 1939, was the first variant to feature the excellent DB 601 engine. With four rifle-calibre machine guns it has the lightest firepower of all Bf 109 variants. This same lightness also makes it the most manoeuvrable of all variants, especially in turn radius. Though its weaponry carries less punch than later variants the E-1 machine guns are belted with incendiary ammunition and offer a high rate of fire that ultimately yields more destructive power than a cursory glance may lead to believe.

NOTE: the Bf = Me, as in Me-109. For a time Bayerische Flugzeugwerke (Bavarian Aircraft Works) was the name of the company, before it was reconstituted as Messerschmitt AG on July 11, 1938 (with Willy Messerschmitt as chairman and managing director). The renaming of BFW resulted in the company's RLM designation changing from Bf to Me. Existing types, such as the Bf 109 and 110, retained their earlier designation in official documents, although sometimes the newer designations were used as well. In practise, all BFW/Messerschmitt aircraft from 108 to 163 (not the same plane as the Me 163) were prefixed Bf, all later types with Me.

==Game Play==

The Bf 109E-1 is the "turningest" of all German fighters in the WWIIOL:BE inventory. Light, fast and nimble, this aircraft possesses all the traits vital to an air superiority fighter. It does almost everything better than the opposition in its tier: it is superior in climb, in level speed and in dive performance. These traits allows it to attain superior altitude with which it can dominate any contender, and to engage and disengage at will - features a true energy fighter will appreciate.

The E-1 can hold its own in a turning fight as well: it rolls well, its initial and sustained rate of turn is superlative and it can go toe to toe with any enemy fighter in its tier. While the E-1 may not be able to out-turn a Hurricane or a H-75 in a prolonged stall fight on the deck, it can easily dominate these opponents by operating in the vertical.

Although lacking cannons, its four machine guns pack a considerable punch: a high rate of fire, a high muzzle velocity, and a plentiful allowance of hard-hitting incendiary ammunition is more than sufficient to down any target - though you will need to fly close to your man and fire a concentrated volley.

The Bf 109E-1 sports, or lacks, one other conspicious feature: it has no armour plate behind the pilot's head (though the seat itself is armoured). This gives the pilot an unrestricted view aft at the price of a more vulnerable head. A clear view gives the pilot better situational awareness, a feature that is incomparably more valuable than any piece of armour.

The pilot who masters the Bf 109E-1 will eventually notice how much it has in common with the E-4 variant, and appreciate it for its clean and unladen character - the E-1 is a true hot rod, but as such, it demands discipline of its operator to give its best.

=Messerschmitt Bf 109E-4=

{| class="wikitable floatright"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | [[File:Ac_de_bf109_e4.jpg|400px]]
|- style="background:#666600; color:#fff;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | '''Messerschmitt Bf 109E-4'''
|- style="background:#ddb;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | Specifications
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Type''' || Fighter
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Armament''' || 2 x 20 mm Cannon, 2 x 7.9 mm Machine Guns
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Crew''' || 1 (Pilot)
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Weight''' || 2,608kg
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Top Speed''' || 574km/h
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Max G''' || -6 / +11.5
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Armored Glass Windscreen''' || ?
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Pilot Armor (back/head)''' || ?
|}

==History==

Deployed in quantity during the spring of 1940, the Bf 109E-4 variant was a significant upgrade over the original Emils. The original DB 601A-1 powerplant was replaced by the more powerful DB 601Aa, and firepower was vastly improved in weight of fire and destructive potential as each wing now packed one 20 mm MG-FF/M cannon.

==Game Play==

The Bf 109E-4 variant is fast and carries the heaviest armament of the Bf 109 series until the later G variant is introduced, with two 20mm cannon in the wings. However, with but 60 rounds per gun it pays to get close and only fire when certain to score a hit. Light and nimble and possessing of excellent dive characteristics, the Bf 109E-4 can mix it up in circling combats as well as stick to fast diving attacks. The Emil can be effective against any enemy type using coordinated wingman tactics, but when fighting without such support the pilot must rely on its speed and climb rate to survive an encounter against bad odds. Combine its overall good performance with a cool headed and confident pilot and the E can hold its own through an entire campaign. In the early stages of a WWIOL:BE campaign the Bf 109E does well to avoid typical protracted dogfights as all Allied aircraft can out turn the Bf 109E-4 with relative ease. Climbing, spiralling turns with but a small initial energy advantage, followed by slashing high-speed attacks, is the Bf 109E's forte. As the campaign progresses the Bf 109E-4 loses its speed advantage but gains in turn radius, requiring (and allowing) the pilot to rethink his approach to air combat.

While it is difficult for many players to grasp the advantages of a climbing turn style of combat, where the ability to bleed your opponent's energy to the point of stall while you remain above them awaiting the moment to drop on their head like a sledge hammer, it remains one of the most effective forms of air superiority combat tactics you can learn and master.

Another tactic that works well in the 109E is the scissors style where a series of slicing reversals one after another will force a pursuing fighter with a better turn rate (but less roll rate) out in front of your guns. Again, this is a difficult style of combat to learn but extremely effective if you ever do manage to learn how to master such a method.

=Messerschmitt Bf 109E-4B=

{| class="wikitable floatright"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | [[File:BF109E4B.png|400px]]
|- style="background:#666600; color:#fff;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | '''Messerschmitt Bf 109E-4B'''
|- style="background:#ddb;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | Specifications
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Type''' || Fighter
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Armament''' || 2 x 20 mm Cannon, 2 x 7.9 mm Machine Guns 1x250kg bomb
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Crew''' || 1 (Pilot)
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Weight''' || 2,608kg
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Top Speed''' || 574km/h
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Armored Glass Windscreen''' || ?
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Pilot Armor (back/head)''' || ?
|}

==History==
The standard Luftwaffe fighter-interceptor the ME1904EF was fitted with a centreline bomb rack in the Sumner of 1940 in order to keep the bombing attack against England going where other bomb-carriers failed. One Staffel (Squadron) per Gruppe (Wing) was typically designated as the Jagdbomber (Jabo) staffel, and sent out to attack airfields, pots and targets of opportunity. This practice was continued on all fronts until the very end, albeit with new and upgraded aircraft.

==Game Play==
The E-4 Jabo handles sornewhat more sluggishly while carrying its center-line Sprengbombe Cylindrisch 250 (SC250), but once shot of its cargo the fighter-bomber is as capable as the standard unladen Bf 109 E-4. It is verily the best of all worlds - it can bomb and fight like there is no tomorrow!
Thus, in all respects except when lugging cargo, the E-4 Jabo does most things pretty well and some things better than its contemporary opponents. It dives well, climbs well, turns well and carries a good punch - just do not engage in prolonged max-rating turning combat at ground level.

=Messerschmitt Bf 109F-2=

{| class="wikitable floatright"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | [[File:Ac_de_bf109_f1.jpg|400px]]
|- style="background:#666600; color:#fff;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | '''Messerschmitt Bf 109F-2'''
|- style="background:#ddb;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | Specifications
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Type''' || Fighter
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Armament''' || 1 x 20 mm Cannon, 2 x 7.9 mm Machine Guns
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Crew''' || 1 (Pilot)
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Weight''' || ?kg
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Top Speed''' || ?km/h
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Armored Glass Windscreen''' || ?
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Pilot Armor (back/head)''' || ?
|}

==History==
The Me-109F-2 version of “Franz,” as its pilots called it, the F-2 received the 1,175 PS (1,159 hp, 864 kW) DB 601N engine driving a VDM 9-11207 propeller and replaced the MG FF with a higher velocity 15mm MG 151 cannon. As the harder-hitting 20 mm Mauser MG 151/20 version become available, a number of F-2s were retrofitted with it in the field. About 1,230 F-2s were built between October 1940 and August 1941 by AGO, Arado, Erla, Messerschmitt Regensburg and WNF(Wiener Neustädter Flugzeugwerke)

==Game Play==

he Bf 109F is a favorite fighter for those that cherish climbrate and know how to use both it and speed to create good shooting solutions, rather than just to set off and run at the first sign of trouble. For their opponents however it remains that the “run away” element of speed being a chief performance attribute is all they ever see or all that most ever *seem* to be able to see. For it’s time the Bf 109F is the fastest and the best climbing fighter available in Battleground Europe.

=Messerschmitt Bf 109F-4=

{| class="wikitable floatright"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | [[File:Ac_de_bf109_f4.jpg|400px]]
|- style="background:#666600; color:#fff;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | '''Messerschmitt Bf 109F-4'''
|- style="background:#ddb;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | Specifications
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Type''' || Fighter
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Armament''' || 1 x 20 mm Cannon, 2 x 7.9 mm Machine Guns
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Crew''' || 1 (Pilot)
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Weight''' || 2,922kg
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Top Speed''' || 627km/h
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Armored Glass Windscreen''' || No
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Pilot Armor (back/head)''' || Yes
|}

==History==

Considered by many to be the ultimate expression of the 109 line, the Bf 109F was an improved model over the 109E in almost all respects. It boasted a higher climb rate and top speed, in addition to the new MG151/20 high velocity 20mm cannon mounted to fire through the nose spinner.

While its armament was reduced in terms of mounted cannons (only 1 in place of the previous 2) the 20mm nose cannon was the superior MG151/20 now replacing the earlier aircrafts older style Mauser MGFF cannons. The firing duration was also greatly increased by both a far larger ammunition loadout of 200 rounds and only 1 cannon to expend them from.

In addition to this the centerline mounting gave no convergence issues and favoured accurate shooters. The downside was that combat reports tended to claim that for average or less accurate shooters it was more difficult to down enemy fighters with the centerline cannon than had previously been noted with the earlier wing mounted cannons of the 109E.

==Game Play==

The Bf 109F is a favorite fighter for those that cherish climbrate and know how to use both it and speed to create good shooting solutions, rather than just to set off and run at the first sign of trouble. For their opponents however it remains that the “run away” element of speed being a chief performance attribute is all they ever see or all that most ever *seem* to be able to see. For it’s time the Bf 109F is the fastest and the best climbing fighter available in Battleground Europe.

Up close and with a good gunner on the trigger, the more powerful MG151 (over the MGFF of the 109E) can rip any aircraft apart, but at longer ranges and higher deflection the rounds drop fast and disperse more wildly. The “Franz” is a fighter for true “experten” pilots, it will reward the studied and practiced pilot who employs skill and training in his fighting at all times, while at the same time it will quickly betray any over confidence and foolhardiness. Get in close, and when you think you are close enough, drive in closer still, then fire.

The Franz will turn competitively with Allied fighters, and with some creative flap usage it can even out turn some of them, but it remains true that to rely on turning alone is a bad choice in a plane that employs speed and climb to better advantage than it can its turn rate. It doesn’t turn well enough to let you rely on that aspect of air to air combat, and unless you are extremely confident in your ability you will die a lot trying to use the 109F as a pure turnfighter. The golden egg in this plane is its power to weight ratio and low drag. These combine to give it exemplary climb performance at any altitude. Indeed when all your cards are played out, a tight spiral climb can leave almost all opponents stalling below you, so remember that your exit in the Franz is always above you. So to is the best attack approach you can ever employ.

=Messerschmitt Bf 109G-2/R1=

{| class="wikitable floatright"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | [[File:BF-109 G2-R1 "Jabo.jpg|400px]]
|- style="background:#666600; color:#fff;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | '''Messerschmitt Bf 109G-2/R1'''
|- style="background:#ddb;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | Specifications
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Type''' || Fighter
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Armament''' || 1 x 20 mm MG 151 cannon 2 x 13 mm MG131 machine guns 1x250kg SC bomb
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Crew''' || 1 (Pilot)
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Weight''' || 3,122kg
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Top Speed''' || 627km/h
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Armored Glass Windscreen''' || No
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Pilot Armor (back/head)''' || Yes
|}

==History==
The Bf 109G was the next incremental improvement over its predecessor the Bf 109F. Changes were slight: a reinforced wing structure gave it a slightly higher VnE (Velocity Never Exceed), more pilot and fuel tank armour was added and the canopy strengthened. Other than that it was essentially similar to the 109F, with the same armament. It still boasted a high climb rate and top speed, but in t's earlier versions without MW50 injection it was actually no faster than the F, and it's extra weight meant t didn't climb quite as well, although it still beat the Allied Aircraft at climbing for the most part, except for the Spitfire IX.

Like virtually all German fighters, the Bf-109 G2 offered a growing variety of Rustsatze. This particular aircraft sports the RI, a standard ETC 501 bomb rack capable of hauling a single SC 250 bomb to wherever it needs to go.

==Game Play==

=Messerschmitt Bf 109G-6/U4=

{| class="wikitable floatright"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | [[File:Bf109g.jpg|400px]]
|- style="background:#666600; color:#fff;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | '''Messerschmitt Bf 109G-6/U4'''
|- style="background:#ddb;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | Specifications
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Type''' || Fighter
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Armament''' || 1 x 30 mm Mk 108 cannon 2 x 13 mm MG131 machine guns
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Crew''' || 1 (Pilot)
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Weight''' || 3,122kg
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Top Speed''' || 628km/h
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Armored Glass Windscreen''' || No
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Pilot Armor (back/head)''' || Yes
|}

==History==

The Bf-109G was an improved model over the Bf-109F in some respects, but not in others. It boasted a high climb rate and top speed, but it was no faster than the F in its earlier versions without MW50 injection. And its extra weight meant it didn't climb quite as well, although it still outclimbed the Allied aircraft, except for the Spitfire IX.

==Game Play==

The biggest surprise for those caught in its gun sights is going to be the "melon launcher" 30 mm Mk 108 cannon firing HE Mine rounds. This hits with roughly the same authority as a 40 mm Bofors round! However, the increased weight does hurt its turn performance over the lighter, more nimble 109F. The upside of this is that it's actually a little more stable in violent manuevering as a result of the loss of all that edgy nimbleness in its leaner sister. Those who can't handle the feeling of instability in the 109F may find the heavier G more to their liking.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

<hr>

{{Template:Air Units}}

[[Category:Air Units]]

Bf109

2025-05-07T17:39:54Z

Hatch: /* Messerschmitt Bf 109E-1 */

=Messerschmitt Bf 109E-1=

{| class="wikitable floatright"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | [[File:Ac_de_bf109_e1.jpg|400px]]
|- style="background:#666600; color:#fff;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | '''Messerschmitt Bf 109E-1'''
|- style="background:#ddb;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | Specifications
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Type''' || Fighter
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Armament''' || 4 x 7.9 mm Machine Guns
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Crew''' || 1 (Pilot)
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Weight''' || 2,573kg
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Top Speed''' || 554km/h
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Max G''' || -6 / +11.5
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Armored Glass Windscreen''' || No
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Pilot Armor (back/head)''' || No
|}

==History==

Almost doomed by the bureaucracy of the RLM prior to its maiden flight, the Messerschmitt Bf 109 went on to become the most numerously produced German fighter of the war. Its design was simple; a compact slender airframe with plenty of power and a heavy gun package.

The Bf 109 combat lineage began with the Spanish Civil war when in October 1936 a handful of early Bf 109 prototypes were hastily sent as reinforcement to the embattled Nationalist air force. All in all some 140 Bf 109s of different variants were engaged in Spain between 1936 and 1939. Thus, by the outbreak of WWII the E model was a combat tested fighter aircraft of proven quality. Equally important, the 'field test' in Spain had given its pilots and leaders plenty of experience with this new generation of high-speed monoplane aircraft that led to development of new tactics and procedures that have held true through to this day.

The Bf 109 enjoyed a good turn of speed and a very high rate of climb as its most useful performance attributes, and good combat pilots learned how to employ this against opponents who could not climb as quickly. The 109 series had certain shortcomings, chief among them a very short operational range, a narrow and cramped cockpit and bad handling on bumpy grass airstrips due to the very narrow landing gear footprint.

The Bf 109E-1, first fielded in 1939, was the first variant to feature the excellent DB 601 engine. With four rifle-calibre machine guns it has the lightest firepower of all Bf 109 variants. This same lightness also makes it the most manoeuvrable of all variants, especially in turn radius. Though its weaponry carries less punch than later variants the E-1 machine guns are belted with incendiary ammunition and offer a high rate of fire that ultimately yields more destructive power than a cursory glance may lead to believe.

NOTE: the Bf = Me, as in Me-109. For a time Bayerische Flugzeugwerke (Bavarian Aircraft Works) was the name of the company, before it was reconstituted as Messerschmitt AG on July 11, 1938 (with Willy Messerschmitt as chairman and managing director). The renaming of BFW resulted in the company's RLM designation changing from Bf to Me. Existing types, such as the Bf 109 and 110, retained their earlier designation in official documents, although sometimes the newer designations were used as well. In practise, all BFW/Messerschmitt aircraft from 108 to 163 (not the same plane as the Me 163) were prefixed Bf, all later types with Me.

==Game Play==

The Bf 109E-1 is the "turningest" of all German fighters in the WWIIOL:BE inventory. Light, fast and nimble, this aircraft possesses all the traits vital to an air superiority fighter. It does almost everything better than the opposition in its tier: it is superior in climb, in level speed and in dive performance. These traits allows it to attain superior altitude with which it can dominate any contender, and to engage and disengage at will - features a true energy fighter will appreciate.

The E-1 can hold its own in a turning fight as well: it rolls well, its initial and sustained rate of turn is superlative and it can go toe to toe with any enemy fighter in its tier. While the E-1 may not be able to out-turn a Hurricane or a H-75 in a prolonged stall fight on the deck, it can easily dominate these opponents by operating in the vertical.

Although lacking cannons, its four machine guns pack a considerable punch: a high rate of fire, a high muzzle velocity, and a plentiful allowance of hard-hitting incendiary ammunition is more than sufficient to down any target - though you will need to fly close to your man and fire a concentrated volley.

The Bf 109E-1 sports, or lacks, one other conspicious feature: it has no armour plate behind the pilot's head (though the seat itself is armoured). This gives the pilot an unrestricted view aft at the price of a more vulnerable head. A clear view gives the pilot better situational awareness, a feature that is incomparably more valuable than any piece of armour.

The pilot who masters the Bf 109E-1 will eventually notice how much it has in common with the E-4 variant, and appreciate it for its clean and unladen character - the E-1 is a true hot rod, but as such, it demands discipline of its operator to give its best.

=Messerschmitt Bf 109E-4=

{| class="wikitable floatright"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | [[File:Ac_de_bf109_e4.jpg|400px]]
|- style="background:#666600; color:#fff;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | '''Messerschmitt Bf 109E-4'''
|- style="background:#ddb;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | Specifications
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Type''' || Fighter
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Armament''' || 2 x 20 mm Cannon, 2 x 7.9 mm Machine Guns
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Crew''' || 1 (Pilot)
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Weight''' || 2,608kg
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Top Speed''' || 574km/h
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Armored Glass Windscreen''' || ?
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Pilot Armor (back/head)''' || ?
|}

==History==

Deployed in quantity during the spring of 1940, the Bf 109E-4 variant was a significant upgrade over the original Emils. The original DB 601A-1 powerplant was replaced by the more powerful DB 601Aa, and firepower was vastly improved in weight of fire and destructive potential as each wing now packed one 20 mm MG-FF/M cannon.

==Game Play==

The Bf 109E-4 variant is fast and carries the heaviest armament of the Bf 109 series until the later G variant is introduced, with two 20mm cannon in the wings. However, with but 60 rounds per gun it pays to get close and only fire when certain to score a hit. Light and nimble and possessing of excellent dive characteristics, the Bf 109E-4 can mix it up in circling combats as well as stick to fast diving attacks. The Emil can be effective against any enemy type using coordinated wingman tactics, but when fighting without such support the pilot must rely on its speed and climb rate to survive an encounter against bad odds. Combine its overall good performance with a cool headed and confident pilot and the E can hold its own through an entire campaign. In the early stages of a WWIOL:BE campaign the Bf 109E does well to avoid typical protracted dogfights as all Allied aircraft can out turn the Bf 109E-4 with relative ease. Climbing, spiralling turns with but a small initial energy advantage, followed by slashing high-speed attacks, is the Bf 109E's forte. As the campaign progresses the Bf 109E-4 loses its speed advantage but gains in turn radius, requiring (and allowing) the pilot to rethink his approach to air combat.

While it is difficult for many players to grasp the advantages of a climbing turn style of combat, where the ability to bleed your opponent's energy to the point of stall while you remain above them awaiting the moment to drop on their head like a sledge hammer, it remains one of the most effective forms of air superiority combat tactics you can learn and master.

Another tactic that works well in the 109E is the scissors style where a series of slicing reversals one after another will force a pursuing fighter with a better turn rate (but less roll rate) out in front of your guns. Again, this is a difficult style of combat to learn but extremely effective if you ever do manage to learn how to master such a method.

=Messerschmitt Bf 109E-4B=

{| class="wikitable floatright"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | [[File:BF109E4B.png|400px]]
|- style="background:#666600; color:#fff;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | '''Messerschmitt Bf 109E-4B'''
|- style="background:#ddb;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | Specifications
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Type''' || Fighter
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Armament''' || 2 x 20 mm Cannon, 2 x 7.9 mm Machine Guns 1x250kg bomb
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Crew''' || 1 (Pilot)
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Weight''' || 2,608kg
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Top Speed''' || 574km/h
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Armored Glass Windscreen''' || ?
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Pilot Armor (back/head)''' || ?
|}

==History==
The standard Luftwaffe fighter-interceptor the ME1904EF was fitted with a centreline bomb rack in the Sumner of 1940 in order to keep the bombing attack against England going where other bomb-carriers failed. One Staffel (Squadron) per Gruppe (Wing) was typically designated as the Jagdbomber (Jabo) staffel, and sent out to attack airfields, pots and targets of opportunity. This practice was continued on all fronts until the very end, albeit with new and upgraded aircraft.

==Game Play==
The E-4 Jabo handles sornewhat more sluggishly while carrying its center-line Sprengbombe Cylindrisch 250 (SC250), but once shot of its cargo the fighter-bomber is as capable as the standard unladen Bf 109 E-4. It is verily the best of all worlds - it can bomb and fight like there is no tomorrow!
Thus, in all respects except when lugging cargo, the E-4 Jabo does most things pretty well and some things better than its contemporary opponents. It dives well, climbs well, turns well and carries a good punch - just do not engage in prolonged max-rating turning combat at ground level.

=Messerschmitt Bf 109F-2=

{| class="wikitable floatright"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | [[File:Ac_de_bf109_f1.jpg|400px]]
|- style="background:#666600; color:#fff;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | '''Messerschmitt Bf 109F-2'''
|- style="background:#ddb;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | Specifications
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Type''' || Fighter
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Armament''' || 1 x 20 mm Cannon, 2 x 7.9 mm Machine Guns
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Crew''' || 1 (Pilot)
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Weight''' || ?kg
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Top Speed''' || ?km/h
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Armored Glass Windscreen''' || ?
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Pilot Armor (back/head)''' || ?
|}

==History==
The Me-109F-2 version of “Franz,” as its pilots called it, the F-2 received the 1,175 PS (1,159 hp, 864 kW) DB 601N engine driving a VDM 9-11207 propeller and replaced the MG FF with a higher velocity 15mm MG 151 cannon. As the harder-hitting 20 mm Mauser MG 151/20 version become available, a number of F-2s were retrofitted with it in the field. About 1,230 F-2s were built between October 1940 and August 1941 by AGO, Arado, Erla, Messerschmitt Regensburg and WNF(Wiener Neustädter Flugzeugwerke)

==Game Play==

he Bf 109F is a favorite fighter for those that cherish climbrate and know how to use both it and speed to create good shooting solutions, rather than just to set off and run at the first sign of trouble. For their opponents however it remains that the “run away” element of speed being a chief performance attribute is all they ever see or all that most ever *seem* to be able to see. For it’s time the Bf 109F is the fastest and the best climbing fighter available in Battleground Europe.

=Messerschmitt Bf 109F-4=

{| class="wikitable floatright"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | [[File:Ac_de_bf109_f4.jpg|400px]]
|- style="background:#666600; color:#fff;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | '''Messerschmitt Bf 109F-4'''
|- style="background:#ddb;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | Specifications
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Type''' || Fighter
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Armament''' || 1 x 20 mm Cannon, 2 x 7.9 mm Machine Guns
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Crew''' || 1 (Pilot)
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Weight''' || 2,922kg
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Top Speed''' || 627km/h
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Armored Glass Windscreen''' || No
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Pilot Armor (back/head)''' || Yes
|}

==History==

Considered by many to be the ultimate expression of the 109 line, the Bf 109F was an improved model over the 109E in almost all respects. It boasted a higher climb rate and top speed, in addition to the new MG151/20 high velocity 20mm cannon mounted to fire through the nose spinner.

While its armament was reduced in terms of mounted cannons (only 1 in place of the previous 2) the 20mm nose cannon was the superior MG151/20 now replacing the earlier aircrafts older style Mauser MGFF cannons. The firing duration was also greatly increased by both a far larger ammunition loadout of 200 rounds and only 1 cannon to expend them from.

In addition to this the centerline mounting gave no convergence issues and favoured accurate shooters. The downside was that combat reports tended to claim that for average or less accurate shooters it was more difficult to down enemy fighters with the centerline cannon than had previously been noted with the earlier wing mounted cannons of the 109E.

==Game Play==

The Bf 109F is a favorite fighter for those that cherish climbrate and know how to use both it and speed to create good shooting solutions, rather than just to set off and run at the first sign of trouble. For their opponents however it remains that the “run away” element of speed being a chief performance attribute is all they ever see or all that most ever *seem* to be able to see. For it’s time the Bf 109F is the fastest and the best climbing fighter available in Battleground Europe.

Up close and with a good gunner on the trigger, the more powerful MG151 (over the MGFF of the 109E) can rip any aircraft apart, but at longer ranges and higher deflection the rounds drop fast and disperse more wildly. The “Franz” is a fighter for true “experten” pilots, it will reward the studied and practiced pilot who employs skill and training in his fighting at all times, while at the same time it will quickly betray any over confidence and foolhardiness. Get in close, and when you think you are close enough, drive in closer still, then fire.

The Franz will turn competitively with Allied fighters, and with some creative flap usage it can even out turn some of them, but it remains true that to rely on turning alone is a bad choice in a plane that employs speed and climb to better advantage than it can its turn rate. It doesn’t turn well enough to let you rely on that aspect of air to air combat, and unless you are extremely confident in your ability you will die a lot trying to use the 109F as a pure turnfighter. The golden egg in this plane is its power to weight ratio and low drag. These combine to give it exemplary climb performance at any altitude. Indeed when all your cards are played out, a tight spiral climb can leave almost all opponents stalling below you, so remember that your exit in the Franz is always above you. So to is the best attack approach you can ever employ.

=Messerschmitt Bf 109G-2/R1=

{| class="wikitable floatright"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | [[File:BF-109 G2-R1 "Jabo.jpg|400px]]
|- style="background:#666600; color:#fff;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | '''Messerschmitt Bf 109G-2/R1'''
|- style="background:#ddb;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | Specifications
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Type''' || Fighter
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Armament''' || 1 x 20 mm MG 151 cannon 2 x 13 mm MG131 machine guns 1x250kg SC bomb
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Crew''' || 1 (Pilot)
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Weight''' || 3,122kg
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Top Speed''' || 627km/h
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Armored Glass Windscreen''' || No
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Pilot Armor (back/head)''' || Yes
|}

==History==
The Bf 109G was the next incremental improvement over its predecessor the Bf 109F. Changes were slight: a reinforced wing structure gave it a slightly higher VnE (Velocity Never Exceed), more pilot and fuel tank armour was added and the canopy strengthened. Other than that it was essentially similar to the 109F, with the same armament. It still boasted a high climb rate and top speed, but in t's earlier versions without MW50 injection it was actually no faster than the F, and it's extra weight meant t didn't climb quite as well, although it still beat the Allied Aircraft at climbing for the most part, except for the Spitfire IX.

Like virtually all German fighters, the Bf-109 G2 offered a growing variety of Rustsatze. This particular aircraft sports the RI, a standard ETC 501 bomb rack capable of hauling a single SC 250 bomb to wherever it needs to go.

==Game Play==

=Messerschmitt Bf 109G-6/U4=

{| class="wikitable floatright"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | [[File:Bf109g.jpg|400px]]
|- style="background:#666600; color:#fff;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | '''Messerschmitt Bf 109G-6/U4'''
|- style="background:#ddb;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | Specifications
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Type''' || Fighter
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Armament''' || 1 x 30 mm Mk 108 cannon 2 x 13 mm MG131 machine guns
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Crew''' || 1 (Pilot)
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Weight''' || 3,122kg
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Top Speed''' || 628km/h
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Armored Glass Windscreen''' || No
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Pilot Armor (back/head)''' || Yes
|}

==History==

The Bf-109G was an improved model over the Bf-109F in some respects, but not in others. It boasted a high climb rate and top speed, but it was no faster than the F in its earlier versions without MW50 injection. And its extra weight meant it didn't climb quite as well, although it still outclimbed the Allied aircraft, except for the Spitfire IX.

==Game Play==

The biggest surprise for those caught in its gun sights is going to be the "melon launcher" 30 mm Mk 108 cannon firing HE Mine rounds. This hits with roughly the same authority as a 40 mm Bofors round! However, the increased weight does hurt its turn performance over the lighter, more nimble 109F. The upside of this is that it's actually a little more stable in violent manuevering as a result of the loss of all that edgy nimbleness in its leaner sister. Those who can't handle the feeling of instability in the 109F may find the heavier G more to their liking.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

<hr>

{{Template:Air Units}}

[[Category:Air Units]]

Hurricane

2025-05-07T17:36:27Z

Hatch: /* Hawker Hurricane Mk IID */

=Hawker Hurricane Mk I=

{| class="wikitable floatright"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | [[File:Ac uk hurri 1.jpg|400px]]
|- style="background:#666600; color:#fff;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | '''Hawker Hurricane Mk I'''
|- style="background:#ddb;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | Specifications
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Type''' || Fighter
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Armament''' || 8 x .303 cal (7.7 mm) Browning machineguns
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Crew''' || 1 (Pilot)
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Weight''' || 2,894kg
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Top Speed''' || 511km/h
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Max G''' || -5 / +10.5
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Armored Glass Windscreen''' || Yes
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Pilot Armor (back/head)''' || No/No
|}

==History==

The Hurricane was the only modern British fighter available in quantity at the beginning of the war. As Britain's first low-wing monoplane fighters design it was a huge leap forward from the biplane era such as embodied by the Gloster Gladiator and the Hawker Fury. Sturdy, reliable and highly maneuverable the Hurricane bore the brunt of fighting during the first months of shooting war in the west, though always overshadowed by the more illustrious Supermarine Spitfire. The Hurricane was however the real victor of the Battle of Britain, equipping three-fifths of the RAF and destroying twice as many aircraft as the Spitfires in the battle.

While the Hurricane I and II were considerably slower than the prevailing German fighter, the Bf-109, and struggled to keep up with both the Bf-110 and the the Ju-88, it managed to hold its own thanks to the benefit of radar assisted ground controlled interception, which gave the Hurricane formations positional advantage necessary to deliver a telling blow.

Inreasingly outclassed and with no hope of improving the airframe to compete on even terms with the Bf-109, the Hurricane was eventually relegated to ground attack missions in which it served with particular distinction over France and North Africa. Later versions of the Hurricane were operational in the Middle and Far East theatres until the end of the war, and, perhaps little known, in Europe until the end of 1944.

==Game Play==

The Hurricane Mk I is the basic RAF fighter plane in the early days of a Battleground Europe campaign. It is not particularly fast and does not climb as well as the more advanced Spitfire Mk I, but it does have some advantages in combat, chiefly in turn radius and diving ability. It is a stable guns platform without serious vices, and less experienced pilots find it easier to score hits with the Hurricane than with the Spitfire because the guns are all grouped evenly together, producing a tight and concentrated shot pattern at convergence range.

The Hurricane pilot, fighting against aircraft that climb better, fly faster and can sustain a dive better, must use his single remaining advantage – turning ability - to the hilt. However, this ace in the sleeve should ideally only be used when all other options have been used up: altitude, surprise, numerical superiority and teamwork. These are powerful force multipliers that the Hurricane pilot must learn to employ.

Because the enemy aircraft are always faster than the Hurricane in a level race, the aggressive Hurricane pilot must entice the enemy to turn and remain within easy grasp, where the Hurricane can utilize lead pursuit to bring his guns to bear. If the enemy does not comply but runs away, the Hurricane must break off pursuit and pretend not to care while preparing to recieve the bandit again, should he turn back for more. And if the bandit climbs away the Hurricane must extend away in the horizontal so as not to be trapped directly below the enemy where he is no more than a target for a diving attack.

On the defensive, the Hurricane pilot must likewise 'fight in circles' and either scare away his opponent or destroy him outright before he can disengage. Adding to his woes, the Hurricane pilot has no more than twelve seconds of uninterrupted fire, and his dogfighting options somewhat curtailed by a less than stellar roll rate. These two problems can be offset by a miser's fire discipline and deft use of snap rolls to increase his roll rate.

As always, going out alone is a certain recipe for disaster. The wise pilot flies in pairs, groups and gaggles, and preferably with a wingman on voice comms.

=Hawker Hurricane Mk IIb=

{| class="wikitable floatright"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | [[File:Ac uk hurri 2b.jpg|400px]]
|- style="background:#666600; color:#fff;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | '''Hawker Hurricane Mk IIb'''
|- style="background:#ddb;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | Specifications
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Type''' || Fighter
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Armament''' || 12x .303 cal (7.7 mm) Browning machineguns
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Crew''' || 1 (Pilot)
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Weight''' || 3,190kg
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Top Speed''' || 533km/h / 331mph.
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Max G''' || -5 / +10.5
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Armored Glass Windscreen''' || Yes
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Pilot Armor (back/head)''' || Yes/Yes
|}

==History==

The Hurricane I was outclassed and all but obsolescent already when first introduced to active service, yet proved to be a sturdy and functional guns platform against enemy bombers and a fully capable ground attack aircraft. Early in the war the RAF realized that the eight rifle caliber machine guns of the Spitfire and Hurricane offered insufficient stopping power, steps were taken to increase the weight of fire by a change of fighter armament policy expressed as the widespread use of 20 mm aircraft cannon instead of the traditional machine gun.

The first measure was the construction of an ”Universal Wing” that would accomodate a variety of armaments and bombs, the second to add another four .303 machineguns to create what was called a ”twelve-gun shotgun”, as a stop-gap increase in firepower until the anticipated 20 mm Hispano cannon was made available in quantity. The most significant improvement was however the Merlin XX engine which increased output from 1,030 to 1,390 hp, giving the Hurricane IIB a much needed increase in speed and acceleration. The same Universal Wing would later carry four 20 mm Hispano cannon and up to 1,000 lb worth of bombs in the Hurricane IIC, and two Vickers Type S 40 mm cannon in the Hurricane IID variant.

Contributing to the Hurricane's fighting ability was its somewhat legendary durability, a result of the old fashioned tubular steel truss fuselage construction covered with a streamlining wooden stringer and fabric fuselage cover, which by this stage of the war made it rather unique but easy to produce construction.

==Game Play==

The Hurricane IIB's increase in firepower comes at a price of more weight and slightly heavier roll inertia, though with a considerably more powerful engine the difference between it and the Mk I is slight. Roll rate is still sluggish, slightly faster than a Mk I the Mk IIB is still far slower than the Luftwaffe's main fighter, and it cannot climb its way out of a tight spot for love or money.

The Hurricane Mk IIB acts much like the Mk I, so the combat advice above applies in full: fight in circles when your other advantages have eroded; fight as a team with time-honoured 'drag-and-bag' tactics; and, whenever possible, let the Hurricanes deal with the bombcarriers and engage in close air support while the better performing fighters deal with matters of air superiority. With its twelve guns and additional ammo, the Hurricane Mk IIB has the wherewithal to be a decent CAS aircraft, although it can only hope to hurt soft targets: trucks, guns and infantry.

=Hawker Hurricane Mk IIb Fighter Bomber=
{| class="wikitable floatright"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | [[File:Hurri 2b FB.png|400px]]
|- style="background:#666600; color:#fff;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | '''Hawker Hurricane Mk IIb Fighter Bomber'''
|- style="background:#ddb;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | Specifications
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Type''' || Fighter/bomber
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Armament''' || 10x .303 cal (7.7 mm) Browning machineguns 2x250lb GP bombs
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Crew''' || 1 (Pilot)
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Weight''' || 3,190kg
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Top Speed''' || 530km/h / 329mph.
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Max G''' || -5 / +10.5
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Armored Glass Windscreen''' || Yes
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Pilot Armor (back/head)''' || Yes/Yes
|}
==History==

By spring 1941 as Germany looked to the East after the abortive Battle of Britain, the RAF began to aggressively “lean into" Occupied Europe - with fighter sweeps, bombing raids and general mayhem. Seeking speed, surprise and pinpoint accuracy, the still active but ageing Hurricane Mk II was selected to become the RAF's first fighter-bomber platform.

Fitted with a two-stage supercharged Merlin XX engine and equipped with under wing bomb racks rated to carry two 250 lb. (112 kg) General Purpose bombs, the " Hurribomber became the staple fighter-bomber in all theatres of war and soldiered on with various engine, armour and armament upgrades until the end of hostilities.

==Game Play==

The Hurricane Mk IIB “Hurribomber” represents the Frist British fighter bomber to enter a Battleground Europe campaign. it is available from tier 1. It also available to the French air force. Like its predecessors it is not very fast and it does not climb very well in comparison to the opposition, which, at the time the Hurribomber debuts, is generally the much better performing Bf 109-F.

Because the Hurricane platform is always well behind the enemy on the speed and power curve, the Hurricane pilot must take this into account and fly so as to maximise his chances – for one on one, any reasonably well-handled Bf 109 has the speed and manoeuvrability to dominate the Hurricane in all aspects but one: turn radius. Knowing this the Hurricane pilot makes sure to arrive with a good head of steam and plenty of altitude to spend before he must use his remaining ace and turn for dear life, fighting in circles as described previously.

The Hurribomber likes all kinds of approaches to the combat area. Go in fast and hard on the deck for rapid attacks at low altitude; fly in teams of four to eight at medium altitude when friendly fighters own the sky; or come in from 12,000 or still higher with the engine on idle to 'bomb and run' when enemy fighters and AA guns are strongly present. For more guidance in this matter, please refer to the [[Close Air Support]] section.

=Hawker Hurricane Mk IIc=

{| class="wikitable floatright"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | [[File:Ac uk hurri 2c.jpg|400px]]
|- style="background:#666600; color:#fff;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | '''Hawker Hurricane Mk IIc'''
|- style="background:#ddb;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | Specifications
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Type''' || Fighter / Bomber
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Armament''' || 4 x 20 mm Cannon, 2 x 500 lb Bombs
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Crew''' || 1 (Pilot)
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Weight''' || 3,220kg
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Top Speed''' || 528km/h 329Mph
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Max G''' || -5 / +10.5
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Armored Glass Windscreen''' || Yes
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Pilot Armor (back/head)''' || Yes/Yes
|}

==History==

The same Universal Wing that was first employed with the Hurricane Mk IIB was also the main feature of the Mk IIC. Both the Mk IIB and Mk IIC were dubbed ”Hurribomber” as a reflection of its newly acquired fighter-bomber role – both variants were rated to carry two 250 lb bombs, later increased to two 500 lb bombs on underwing hardpoints. The distinguishing difference between the IIB and IIC was the latter's main armament, now comprising four 20 mm Hispano cannon. Service use of the Mk IIC began in April 1941, barely three months after the IIB's combat debut.

Some Hawker Hurricane IIBs and IICs carried six, later eight, 3 inch rocket projectiles underwing, after tests starting in February 1942, further improving its capacity for ground attack.

==Game Play==

The Hurricane Mk IIC “Hurribomber” represents the second British fighter bomber to enter a Battleground Europe campaign, arriving in game from tier 2. Like its predecessors it is not very fast and it does not climb very well in comparison to the opposition, which, at the time the Hurribomber debuts, is generally the much better performing Bf 109-F.

Because the Hurricane platform is always well behind the enemy on the speed and power curve, the Hurricane pilot must take this into account and fly so as to maximise his chances – for one on one, any reasonably well-handled Bf 109 has the speed and manoeuvrability to dominate the Hurricane in all aspects but one: turn radius. Knowing this the Hurricane pilot makes sure to arrive with a good head of steam and plenty of altitude to spend before he must use his remaining ace and turn for dear life, fighting in circles as described previously.

While the Hurribomber has the firepower to rip enemy aircraft to shreds at a brief touch of the trigger, and many pilots take delight in using it as a pure fighter, the Hurricane Mk IIC's earns its dues as a competent ground attack platform.

Use the Hurricane IIC in strength to bring an overwhelming amount of bombs and firepower to bear where the need is the greatest. While slow for a fighter it is nevertheless faster than a bomber, and can pick and choose between targets far easier than they – and defend itself against enemy fighters should the need arise.

The Hurribomber likes all kinds of approaches to the combat area. Go in fast and hard on the deck for rapid attacks at low altitude; fly in teams of four to eight at medium altitude when friendly fighters own the sky; or come in from 12,000 or still higher with the engine on idle to 'bomb and run' when enemy fighters and AA guns are strongly present. For more guidance in this matter, please refer to the [[Close Air Support]] section.

=Hawker Hurricane Mk IID=
{| class="wikitable floatright"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | [[File:Hurri 2D.png|400px]]
|- style="background:#666600; color:#fff;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | '''Hawker Hurricane Mk IID'''
|- style="background:#ddb;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | Specifications
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Type''' || Tank Buster
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Armament''' || 2 x 40 mm Vickers S Cannon, 2 x .303 Browning LMG
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Crew''' || 1 (Pilot)
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Weight''' || 3,560kg
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Top Speed''' || 460km/h 285Mph
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Max G''' || -5 / +10.5
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Armored Glass Windscreen''' || Yes
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Pilot Armor (back/head)''' || Yes/Yes
|}

==History==
The " "Tank Buster"" was the second ground attack variant of the venerable Hurricane airframe, packing to hard-hitting Vickers-S 40 mm Armor piercing cannons and extra armor plate for the engine and pilot. Using the same
Merlin XX engine as t's MkllC cousin, the weight and drag of the big external guns in addition to the extra armour made the MkllD a little bit slower in top speed and climb than its MkllC predecessor.
The ongoing experimentation with increasingly heavy loadouts and different wing and gun packages gave the Hurricane the punch it needed to to be successful in several useful roles including that against both armour and shipping. This helped keep the rugged but dated airframe viable as a ground attack and close support fighter bomber throughout the latter half of the war. Apart from the first few production machines, all Hurri MkllD's had additional armour to protect pilot, radiator and engine from small-arms fire. Even with its extra armour and big guns, the plane was still susceptible to heavy groundfire and roving fighters, but even so, this sturdy warplane became the scourge of Rommel's armoured units in North Africa.

==Game Play==

 
 
 
 

<hr>

{{Template:Air Units}}

[[Category:Air Units]]

Hurricane

2025-05-07T17:34:52Z

Hatch: /* Hawker Hurricane Mk IIc */

=Hawker Hurricane Mk I=

{| class="wikitable floatright"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | [[File:Ac uk hurri 1.jpg|400px]]
|- style="background:#666600; color:#fff;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | '''Hawker Hurricane Mk I'''
|- style="background:#ddb;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | Specifications
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Type''' || Fighter
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Armament''' || 8 x .303 cal (7.7 mm) Browning machineguns
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Crew''' || 1 (Pilot)
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Weight''' || 2,894kg
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Top Speed''' || 511km/h
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Max G''' || -5 / +10.5
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Armored Glass Windscreen''' || Yes
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Pilot Armor (back/head)''' || No/No
|}

==History==

The Hurricane was the only modern British fighter available in quantity at the beginning of the war. As Britain's first low-wing monoplane fighters design it was a huge leap forward from the biplane era such as embodied by the Gloster Gladiator and the Hawker Fury. Sturdy, reliable and highly maneuverable the Hurricane bore the brunt of fighting during the first months of shooting war in the west, though always overshadowed by the more illustrious Supermarine Spitfire. The Hurricane was however the real victor of the Battle of Britain, equipping three-fifths of the RAF and destroying twice as many aircraft as the Spitfires in the battle.

While the Hurricane I and II were considerably slower than the prevailing German fighter, the Bf-109, and struggled to keep up with both the Bf-110 and the the Ju-88, it managed to hold its own thanks to the benefit of radar assisted ground controlled interception, which gave the Hurricane formations positional advantage necessary to deliver a telling blow.

Inreasingly outclassed and with no hope of improving the airframe to compete on even terms with the Bf-109, the Hurricane was eventually relegated to ground attack missions in which it served with particular distinction over France and North Africa. Later versions of the Hurricane were operational in the Middle and Far East theatres until the end of the war, and, perhaps little known, in Europe until the end of 1944.

==Game Play==

The Hurricane Mk I is the basic RAF fighter plane in the early days of a Battleground Europe campaign. It is not particularly fast and does not climb as well as the more advanced Spitfire Mk I, but it does have some advantages in combat, chiefly in turn radius and diving ability. It is a stable guns platform without serious vices, and less experienced pilots find it easier to score hits with the Hurricane than with the Spitfire because the guns are all grouped evenly together, producing a tight and concentrated shot pattern at convergence range.

The Hurricane pilot, fighting against aircraft that climb better, fly faster and can sustain a dive better, must use his single remaining advantage – turning ability - to the hilt. However, this ace in the sleeve should ideally only be used when all other options have been used up: altitude, surprise, numerical superiority and teamwork. These are powerful force multipliers that the Hurricane pilot must learn to employ.

Because the enemy aircraft are always faster than the Hurricane in a level race, the aggressive Hurricane pilot must entice the enemy to turn and remain within easy grasp, where the Hurricane can utilize lead pursuit to bring his guns to bear. If the enemy does not comply but runs away, the Hurricane must break off pursuit and pretend not to care while preparing to recieve the bandit again, should he turn back for more. And if the bandit climbs away the Hurricane must extend away in the horizontal so as not to be trapped directly below the enemy where he is no more than a target for a diving attack.

On the defensive, the Hurricane pilot must likewise 'fight in circles' and either scare away his opponent or destroy him outright before he can disengage. Adding to his woes, the Hurricane pilot has no more than twelve seconds of uninterrupted fire, and his dogfighting options somewhat curtailed by a less than stellar roll rate. These two problems can be offset by a miser's fire discipline and deft use of snap rolls to increase his roll rate.

As always, going out alone is a certain recipe for disaster. The wise pilot flies in pairs, groups and gaggles, and preferably with a wingman on voice comms.

=Hawker Hurricane Mk IIb=

{| class="wikitable floatright"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | [[File:Ac uk hurri 2b.jpg|400px]]
|- style="background:#666600; color:#fff;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | '''Hawker Hurricane Mk IIb'''
|- style="background:#ddb;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | Specifications
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Type''' || Fighter
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Armament''' || 12x .303 cal (7.7 mm) Browning machineguns
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Crew''' || 1 (Pilot)
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Weight''' || 3,190kg
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Top Speed''' || 533km/h / 331mph.
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Max G''' || -5 / +10.5
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Armored Glass Windscreen''' || Yes
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Pilot Armor (back/head)''' || Yes/Yes
|}

==History==

The Hurricane I was outclassed and all but obsolescent already when first introduced to active service, yet proved to be a sturdy and functional guns platform against enemy bombers and a fully capable ground attack aircraft. Early in the war the RAF realized that the eight rifle caliber machine guns of the Spitfire and Hurricane offered insufficient stopping power, steps were taken to increase the weight of fire by a change of fighter armament policy expressed as the widespread use of 20 mm aircraft cannon instead of the traditional machine gun.

The first measure was the construction of an ”Universal Wing” that would accomodate a variety of armaments and bombs, the second to add another four .303 machineguns to create what was called a ”twelve-gun shotgun”, as a stop-gap increase in firepower until the anticipated 20 mm Hispano cannon was made available in quantity. The most significant improvement was however the Merlin XX engine which increased output from 1,030 to 1,390 hp, giving the Hurricane IIB a much needed increase in speed and acceleration. The same Universal Wing would later carry four 20 mm Hispano cannon and up to 1,000 lb worth of bombs in the Hurricane IIC, and two Vickers Type S 40 mm cannon in the Hurricane IID variant.

Contributing to the Hurricane's fighting ability was its somewhat legendary durability, a result of the old fashioned tubular steel truss fuselage construction covered with a streamlining wooden stringer and fabric fuselage cover, which by this stage of the war made it rather unique but easy to produce construction.

==Game Play==

The Hurricane IIB's increase in firepower comes at a price of more weight and slightly heavier roll inertia, though with a considerably more powerful engine the difference between it and the Mk I is slight. Roll rate is still sluggish, slightly faster than a Mk I the Mk IIB is still far slower than the Luftwaffe's main fighter, and it cannot climb its way out of a tight spot for love or money.

The Hurricane Mk IIB acts much like the Mk I, so the combat advice above applies in full: fight in circles when your other advantages have eroded; fight as a team with time-honoured 'drag-and-bag' tactics; and, whenever possible, let the Hurricanes deal with the bombcarriers and engage in close air support while the better performing fighters deal with matters of air superiority. With its twelve guns and additional ammo, the Hurricane Mk IIB has the wherewithal to be a decent CAS aircraft, although it can only hope to hurt soft targets: trucks, guns and infantry.

=Hawker Hurricane Mk IIb Fighter Bomber=
{| class="wikitable floatright"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | [[File:Hurri 2b FB.png|400px]]
|- style="background:#666600; color:#fff;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | '''Hawker Hurricane Mk IIb Fighter Bomber'''
|- style="background:#ddb;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | Specifications
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Type''' || Fighter/bomber
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Armament''' || 10x .303 cal (7.7 mm) Browning machineguns 2x250lb GP bombs
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Crew''' || 1 (Pilot)
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Weight''' || 3,190kg
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Top Speed''' || 530km/h / 329mph.
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Max G''' || -5 / +10.5
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Armored Glass Windscreen''' || Yes
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Pilot Armor (back/head)''' || Yes/Yes
|}
==History==

By spring 1941 as Germany looked to the East after the abortive Battle of Britain, the RAF began to aggressively “lean into" Occupied Europe - with fighter sweeps, bombing raids and general mayhem. Seeking speed, surprise and pinpoint accuracy, the still active but ageing Hurricane Mk II was selected to become the RAF's first fighter-bomber platform.

Fitted with a two-stage supercharged Merlin XX engine and equipped with under wing bomb racks rated to carry two 250 lb. (112 kg) General Purpose bombs, the " Hurribomber became the staple fighter-bomber in all theatres of war and soldiered on with various engine, armour and armament upgrades until the end of hostilities.

==Game Play==

The Hurricane Mk IIB “Hurribomber” represents the Frist British fighter bomber to enter a Battleground Europe campaign. it is available from tier 1. It also available to the French air force. Like its predecessors it is not very fast and it does not climb very well in comparison to the opposition, which, at the time the Hurribomber debuts, is generally the much better performing Bf 109-F.

Because the Hurricane platform is always well behind the enemy on the speed and power curve, the Hurricane pilot must take this into account and fly so as to maximise his chances – for one on one, any reasonably well-handled Bf 109 has the speed and manoeuvrability to dominate the Hurricane in all aspects but one: turn radius. Knowing this the Hurricane pilot makes sure to arrive with a good head of steam and plenty of altitude to spend before he must use his remaining ace and turn for dear life, fighting in circles as described previously.

The Hurribomber likes all kinds of approaches to the combat area. Go in fast and hard on the deck for rapid attacks at low altitude; fly in teams of four to eight at medium altitude when friendly fighters own the sky; or come in from 12,000 or still higher with the engine on idle to 'bomb and run' when enemy fighters and AA guns are strongly present. For more guidance in this matter, please refer to the [[Close Air Support]] section.

=Hawker Hurricane Mk IIc=

{| class="wikitable floatright"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | [[File:Ac uk hurri 2c.jpg|400px]]
|- style="background:#666600; color:#fff;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | '''Hawker Hurricane Mk IIc'''
|- style="background:#ddb;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | Specifications
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Type''' || Fighter / Bomber
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Armament''' || 4 x 20 mm Cannon, 2 x 500 lb Bombs
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Crew''' || 1 (Pilot)
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Weight''' || 3,220kg
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Top Speed''' || 528km/h 329Mph
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Max G''' || -5 / +10.5
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Armored Glass Windscreen''' || Yes
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Pilot Armor (back/head)''' || Yes/Yes
|}

==History==

The same Universal Wing that was first employed with the Hurricane Mk IIB was also the main feature of the Mk IIC. Both the Mk IIB and Mk IIC were dubbed ”Hurribomber” as a reflection of its newly acquired fighter-bomber role – both variants were rated to carry two 250 lb bombs, later increased to two 500 lb bombs on underwing hardpoints. The distinguishing difference between the IIB and IIC was the latter's main armament, now comprising four 20 mm Hispano cannon. Service use of the Mk IIC began in April 1941, barely three months after the IIB's combat debut.

Some Hawker Hurricane IIBs and IICs carried six, later eight, 3 inch rocket projectiles underwing, after tests starting in February 1942, further improving its capacity for ground attack.

==Game Play==

The Hurricane Mk IIC “Hurribomber” represents the second British fighter bomber to enter a Battleground Europe campaign, arriving in game from tier 2. Like its predecessors it is not very fast and it does not climb very well in comparison to the opposition, which, at the time the Hurribomber debuts, is generally the much better performing Bf 109-F.

Because the Hurricane platform is always well behind the enemy on the speed and power curve, the Hurricane pilot must take this into account and fly so as to maximise his chances – for one on one, any reasonably well-handled Bf 109 has the speed and manoeuvrability to dominate the Hurricane in all aspects but one: turn radius. Knowing this the Hurricane pilot makes sure to arrive with a good head of steam and plenty of altitude to spend before he must use his remaining ace and turn for dear life, fighting in circles as described previously.

While the Hurribomber has the firepower to rip enemy aircraft to shreds at a brief touch of the trigger, and many pilots take delight in using it as a pure fighter, the Hurricane Mk IIC's earns its dues as a competent ground attack platform.

Use the Hurricane IIC in strength to bring an overwhelming amount of bombs and firepower to bear where the need is the greatest. While slow for a fighter it is nevertheless faster than a bomber, and can pick and choose between targets far easier than they – and defend itself against enemy fighters should the need arise.

The Hurribomber likes all kinds of approaches to the combat area. Go in fast and hard on the deck for rapid attacks at low altitude; fly in teams of four to eight at medium altitude when friendly fighters own the sky; or come in from 12,000 or still higher with the engine on idle to 'bomb and run' when enemy fighters and AA guns are strongly present. For more guidance in this matter, please refer to the [[Close Air Support]] section.

=Hawker Hurricane Mk IID=
{| class="wikitable floatright"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | [[File:Hurri 2D.png|400px]]
|- style="background:#666600; color:#fff;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | '''Hawker Hurricane Mk IID'''
|- style="background:#ddb;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | Specifications
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Type''' || Tank Buster
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Armament''' || 2 x 40 mm Vickers S Cannon, 2 x .303 Browning LMG
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Crew''' || 1 (Pilot)
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Weight''' || 3,560kg
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Top Speed''' || 460km/h 285Mph
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Armored Glass Windscreen''' || Yes
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Pilot Armor (back/head)''' || Yes/Yes
|}

==History==
The " "Tank Buster"" was the second ground attack variant of the venerable Hurricane airframe, packing to hard-hitting Vickers-S 40 mm Armor piercing cannons and extra armor plate for the engine and pilot. Using the same
Merlin XX engine as t's MkllC cousin, the weight and drag of the big external guns in addition to the extra armour made the MkllD a little bit slower in top speed and climb than its MkllC predecessor.
The ongoing experimentation with increasingly heavy loadouts and different wing and gun packages gave the Hurricane the punch it needed to to be successful in several useful roles including that against both armour and shipping. This helped keep the rugged but dated airframe viable as a ground attack and close support fighter bomber throughout the latter half of the war. Apart from the first few production machines, all Hurri MkllD's had additional armour to protect pilot, radiator and engine from small-arms fire. Even with its extra armour and big guns, the plane was still susceptible to heavy groundfire and roving fighters, but even so, this sturdy warplane became the scourge of Rommel's armoured units in North Africa.

==Game Play==

 
 
 
 

<hr>

{{Template:Air Units}}

[[Category:Air Units]]

Hurricane

2025-05-07T17:33:54Z

Hatch: /* Hawker Hurricane Mk IIb Fighter Bomber */

=Hawker Hurricane Mk I=

{| class="wikitable floatright"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | [[File:Ac uk hurri 1.jpg|400px]]
|- style="background:#666600; color:#fff;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | '''Hawker Hurricane Mk I'''
|- style="background:#ddb;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | Specifications
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Type''' || Fighter
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Armament''' || 8 x .303 cal (7.7 mm) Browning machineguns
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Crew''' || 1 (Pilot)
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Weight''' || 2,894kg
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Top Speed''' || 511km/h
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Max G''' || -5 / +10.5
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Armored Glass Windscreen''' || Yes
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Pilot Armor (back/head)''' || No/No
|}

==History==

The Hurricane was the only modern British fighter available in quantity at the beginning of the war. As Britain's first low-wing monoplane fighters design it was a huge leap forward from the biplane era such as embodied by the Gloster Gladiator and the Hawker Fury. Sturdy, reliable and highly maneuverable the Hurricane bore the brunt of fighting during the first months of shooting war in the west, though always overshadowed by the more illustrious Supermarine Spitfire. The Hurricane was however the real victor of the Battle of Britain, equipping three-fifths of the RAF and destroying twice as many aircraft as the Spitfires in the battle.

While the Hurricane I and II were considerably slower than the prevailing German fighter, the Bf-109, and struggled to keep up with both the Bf-110 and the the Ju-88, it managed to hold its own thanks to the benefit of radar assisted ground controlled interception, which gave the Hurricane formations positional advantage necessary to deliver a telling blow.

Inreasingly outclassed and with no hope of improving the airframe to compete on even terms with the Bf-109, the Hurricane was eventually relegated to ground attack missions in which it served with particular distinction over France and North Africa. Later versions of the Hurricane were operational in the Middle and Far East theatres until the end of the war, and, perhaps little known, in Europe until the end of 1944.

==Game Play==

The Hurricane Mk I is the basic RAF fighter plane in the early days of a Battleground Europe campaign. It is not particularly fast and does not climb as well as the more advanced Spitfire Mk I, but it does have some advantages in combat, chiefly in turn radius and diving ability. It is a stable guns platform without serious vices, and less experienced pilots find it easier to score hits with the Hurricane than with the Spitfire because the guns are all grouped evenly together, producing a tight and concentrated shot pattern at convergence range.

The Hurricane pilot, fighting against aircraft that climb better, fly faster and can sustain a dive better, must use his single remaining advantage – turning ability - to the hilt. However, this ace in the sleeve should ideally only be used when all other options have been used up: altitude, surprise, numerical superiority and teamwork. These are powerful force multipliers that the Hurricane pilot must learn to employ.

Because the enemy aircraft are always faster than the Hurricane in a level race, the aggressive Hurricane pilot must entice the enemy to turn and remain within easy grasp, where the Hurricane can utilize lead pursuit to bring his guns to bear. If the enemy does not comply but runs away, the Hurricane must break off pursuit and pretend not to care while preparing to recieve the bandit again, should he turn back for more. And if the bandit climbs away the Hurricane must extend away in the horizontal so as not to be trapped directly below the enemy where he is no more than a target for a diving attack.

On the defensive, the Hurricane pilot must likewise 'fight in circles' and either scare away his opponent or destroy him outright before he can disengage. Adding to his woes, the Hurricane pilot has no more than twelve seconds of uninterrupted fire, and his dogfighting options somewhat curtailed by a less than stellar roll rate. These two problems can be offset by a miser's fire discipline and deft use of snap rolls to increase his roll rate.

As always, going out alone is a certain recipe for disaster. The wise pilot flies in pairs, groups and gaggles, and preferably with a wingman on voice comms.

=Hawker Hurricane Mk IIb=

{| class="wikitable floatright"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | [[File:Ac uk hurri 2b.jpg|400px]]
|- style="background:#666600; color:#fff;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | '''Hawker Hurricane Mk IIb'''
|- style="background:#ddb;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | Specifications
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Type''' || Fighter
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Armament''' || 12x .303 cal (7.7 mm) Browning machineguns
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Crew''' || 1 (Pilot)
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Weight''' || 3,190kg
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Top Speed''' || 533km/h / 331mph.
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Max G''' || -5 / +10.5
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Armored Glass Windscreen''' || Yes
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Pilot Armor (back/head)''' || Yes/Yes
|}

==History==

The Hurricane I was outclassed and all but obsolescent already when first introduced to active service, yet proved to be a sturdy and functional guns platform against enemy bombers and a fully capable ground attack aircraft. Early in the war the RAF realized that the eight rifle caliber machine guns of the Spitfire and Hurricane offered insufficient stopping power, steps were taken to increase the weight of fire by a change of fighter armament policy expressed as the widespread use of 20 mm aircraft cannon instead of the traditional machine gun.

The first measure was the construction of an ”Universal Wing” that would accomodate a variety of armaments and bombs, the second to add another four .303 machineguns to create what was called a ”twelve-gun shotgun”, as a stop-gap increase in firepower until the anticipated 20 mm Hispano cannon was made available in quantity. The most significant improvement was however the Merlin XX engine which increased output from 1,030 to 1,390 hp, giving the Hurricane IIB a much needed increase in speed and acceleration. The same Universal Wing would later carry four 20 mm Hispano cannon and up to 1,000 lb worth of bombs in the Hurricane IIC, and two Vickers Type S 40 mm cannon in the Hurricane IID variant.

Contributing to the Hurricane's fighting ability was its somewhat legendary durability, a result of the old fashioned tubular steel truss fuselage construction covered with a streamlining wooden stringer and fabric fuselage cover, which by this stage of the war made it rather unique but easy to produce construction.

==Game Play==

The Hurricane IIB's increase in firepower comes at a price of more weight and slightly heavier roll inertia, though with a considerably more powerful engine the difference between it and the Mk I is slight. Roll rate is still sluggish, slightly faster than a Mk I the Mk IIB is still far slower than the Luftwaffe's main fighter, and it cannot climb its way out of a tight spot for love or money.

The Hurricane Mk IIB acts much like the Mk I, so the combat advice above applies in full: fight in circles when your other advantages have eroded; fight as a team with time-honoured 'drag-and-bag' tactics; and, whenever possible, let the Hurricanes deal with the bombcarriers and engage in close air support while the better performing fighters deal with matters of air superiority. With its twelve guns and additional ammo, the Hurricane Mk IIB has the wherewithal to be a decent CAS aircraft, although it can only hope to hurt soft targets: trucks, guns and infantry.

=Hawker Hurricane Mk IIb Fighter Bomber=
{| class="wikitable floatright"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | [[File:Hurri 2b FB.png|400px]]
|- style="background:#666600; color:#fff;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | '''Hawker Hurricane Mk IIb Fighter Bomber'''
|- style="background:#ddb;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | Specifications
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Type''' || Fighter/bomber
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Armament''' || 10x .303 cal (7.7 mm) Browning machineguns 2x250lb GP bombs
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Crew''' || 1 (Pilot)
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Weight''' || 3,190kg
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Top Speed''' || 530km/h / 329mph.
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Max G''' || -5 / +10.5
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Armored Glass Windscreen''' || Yes
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Pilot Armor (back/head)''' || Yes/Yes
|}
==History==

By spring 1941 as Germany looked to the East after the abortive Battle of Britain, the RAF began to aggressively “lean into" Occupied Europe - with fighter sweeps, bombing raids and general mayhem. Seeking speed, surprise and pinpoint accuracy, the still active but ageing Hurricane Mk II was selected to become the RAF's first fighter-bomber platform.

Fitted with a two-stage supercharged Merlin XX engine and equipped with under wing bomb racks rated to carry two 250 lb. (112 kg) General Purpose bombs, the " Hurribomber became the staple fighter-bomber in all theatres of war and soldiered on with various engine, armour and armament upgrades until the end of hostilities.

==Game Play==

The Hurricane Mk IIB “Hurribomber” represents the Frist British fighter bomber to enter a Battleground Europe campaign. it is available from tier 1. It also available to the French air force. Like its predecessors it is not very fast and it does not climb very well in comparison to the opposition, which, at the time the Hurribomber debuts, is generally the much better performing Bf 109-F.

Because the Hurricane platform is always well behind the enemy on the speed and power curve, the Hurricane pilot must take this into account and fly so as to maximise his chances – for one on one, any reasonably well-handled Bf 109 has the speed and manoeuvrability to dominate the Hurricane in all aspects but one: turn radius. Knowing this the Hurricane pilot makes sure to arrive with a good head of steam and plenty of altitude to spend before he must use his remaining ace and turn for dear life, fighting in circles as described previously.

The Hurribomber likes all kinds of approaches to the combat area. Go in fast and hard on the deck for rapid attacks at low altitude; fly in teams of four to eight at medium altitude when friendly fighters own the sky; or come in from 12,000 or still higher with the engine on idle to 'bomb and run' when enemy fighters and AA guns are strongly present. For more guidance in this matter, please refer to the [[Close Air Support]] section.

=Hawker Hurricane Mk IIc=

{| class="wikitable floatright"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | [[File:Ac uk hurri 2c.jpg|400px]]
|- style="background:#666600; color:#fff;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | '''Hawker Hurricane Mk IIc'''
|- style="background:#ddb;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | Specifications
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Type''' || Fighter / Bomber
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Armament''' || 4 x 20 mm Cannon, 2 x 500 lb Bombs
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Crew''' || 1 (Pilot)
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Weight''' || 3,220kg
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Top Speed''' || 528km/h 329Mph
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Max G''' || -5 / +10.5
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Armored Glass Windscreen''' || Yes
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Pilot Armor (back/head)''' || Yes/Yes
|}

==History==

The same Universal Wing that was first employed with the Hurricane Mk IIB was also the main feature of the Mk IIC. Both the Mk IIB and Mk IIC were dubbed ”Hurribomber” as a reflection of its newly acquired fighter-bomber role – both variants were rated to carry two 250 lb bombs, later increased to two 500 lb bombs on underwing hardpoints. The distinguishing difference between the IIB and IIC was the latter's main armament, now comprising four 20 mm Hispano cannon. Service use of the Mk IIC began in April 1941, barely three months after the IIB's combat debut.

Some Hawker Hurricane IIBs and IICs carried six, later eight, 3 inch rocket projectiles underwing, after tests starting in February 1942, further improving its capacity for ground attack.

==Game Play==

The Hurricane Mk IIC “Hurribomber” represents the second British fighter bomber to enter a Battleground Europe campaign, arriving in game from tier 2. Like its predecessors it is not very fast and it does not climb very well in comparison to the opposition, which, at the time the Hurribomber debuts, is generally the much better performing Bf 109-F.

Because the Hurricane platform is always well behind the enemy on the speed and power curve, the Hurricane pilot must take this into account and fly so as to maximise his chances – for one on one, any reasonably well-handled Bf 109 has the speed and manoeuvrability to dominate the Hurricane in all aspects but one: turn radius. Knowing this the Hurricane pilot makes sure to arrive with a good head of steam and plenty of altitude to spend before he must use his remaining ace and turn for dear life, fighting in circles as described previously.

While the Hurribomber has the firepower to rip enemy aircraft to shreds at a brief touch of the trigger, and many pilots take delight in using it as a pure fighter, the Hurricane Mk IIC's earns its dues as a competent ground attack platform.

Use the Hurricane IIC in strength to bring an overwhelming amount of bombs and firepower to bear where the need is the greatest. While slow for a fighter it is nevertheless faster than a bomber, and can pick and choose between targets far easier than they – and defend itself against enemy fighters should the need arise.

The Hurribomber likes all kinds of approaches to the combat area. Go in fast and hard on the deck for rapid attacks at low altitude; fly in teams of four to eight at medium altitude when friendly fighters own the sky; or come in from 12,000 or still higher with the engine on idle to 'bomb and run' when enemy fighters and AA guns are strongly present. For more guidance in this matter, please refer to the [[Close Air Support]] section.

=Hawker Hurricane Mk IID=
{| class="wikitable floatright"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | [[File:Hurri 2D.png|400px]]
|- style="background:#666600; color:#fff;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | '''Hawker Hurricane Mk IID'''
|- style="background:#ddb;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | Specifications
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Type''' || Tank Buster
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Armament''' || 2 x 40 mm Vickers S Cannon, 2 x .303 Browning LMG
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Crew''' || 1 (Pilot)
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Weight''' || 3,560kg
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Top Speed''' || 460km/h 285Mph
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Armored Glass Windscreen''' || Yes
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Pilot Armor (back/head)''' || Yes/Yes
|}

==History==
The " "Tank Buster"" was the second ground attack variant of the venerable Hurricane airframe, packing to hard-hitting Vickers-S 40 mm Armor piercing cannons and extra armor plate for the engine and pilot. Using the same
Merlin XX engine as t's MkllC cousin, the weight and drag of the big external guns in addition to the extra armour made the MkllD a little bit slower in top speed and climb than its MkllC predecessor.
The ongoing experimentation with increasingly heavy loadouts and different wing and gun packages gave the Hurricane the punch it needed to to be successful in several useful roles including that against both armour and shipping. This helped keep the rugged but dated airframe viable as a ground attack and close support fighter bomber throughout the latter half of the war. Apart from the first few production machines, all Hurri MkllD's had additional armour to protect pilot, radiator and engine from small-arms fire. Even with its extra armour and big guns, the plane was still susceptible to heavy groundfire and roving fighters, but even so, this sturdy warplane became the scourge of Rommel's armoured units in North Africa.

==Game Play==

 
 
 
 

<hr>

{{Template:Air Units}}

[[Category:Air Units]]

Hurricane

2025-05-07T17:32:43Z

Hatch: /* Hawker Hurricane Mk IIb */

=Hawker Hurricane Mk I=

{| class="wikitable floatright"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | [[File:Ac uk hurri 1.jpg|400px]]
|- style="background:#666600; color:#fff;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | '''Hawker Hurricane Mk I'''
|- style="background:#ddb;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | Specifications
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Type''' || Fighter
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Armament''' || 8 x .303 cal (7.7 mm) Browning machineguns
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Crew''' || 1 (Pilot)
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Weight''' || 2,894kg
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Top Speed''' || 511km/h
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Max G''' || -5 / +10.5
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Armored Glass Windscreen''' || Yes
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Pilot Armor (back/head)''' || No/No
|}

==History==

The Hurricane was the only modern British fighter available in quantity at the beginning of the war. As Britain's first low-wing monoplane fighters design it was a huge leap forward from the biplane era such as embodied by the Gloster Gladiator and the Hawker Fury. Sturdy, reliable and highly maneuverable the Hurricane bore the brunt of fighting during the first months of shooting war in the west, though always overshadowed by the more illustrious Supermarine Spitfire. The Hurricane was however the real victor of the Battle of Britain, equipping three-fifths of the RAF and destroying twice as many aircraft as the Spitfires in the battle.

While the Hurricane I and II were considerably slower than the prevailing German fighter, the Bf-109, and struggled to keep up with both the Bf-110 and the the Ju-88, it managed to hold its own thanks to the benefit of radar assisted ground controlled interception, which gave the Hurricane formations positional advantage necessary to deliver a telling blow.

Inreasingly outclassed and with no hope of improving the airframe to compete on even terms with the Bf-109, the Hurricane was eventually relegated to ground attack missions in which it served with particular distinction over France and North Africa. Later versions of the Hurricane were operational in the Middle and Far East theatres until the end of the war, and, perhaps little known, in Europe until the end of 1944.

==Game Play==

The Hurricane Mk I is the basic RAF fighter plane in the early days of a Battleground Europe campaign. It is not particularly fast and does not climb as well as the more advanced Spitfire Mk I, but it does have some advantages in combat, chiefly in turn radius and diving ability. It is a stable guns platform without serious vices, and less experienced pilots find it easier to score hits with the Hurricane than with the Spitfire because the guns are all grouped evenly together, producing a tight and concentrated shot pattern at convergence range.

The Hurricane pilot, fighting against aircraft that climb better, fly faster and can sustain a dive better, must use his single remaining advantage – turning ability - to the hilt. However, this ace in the sleeve should ideally only be used when all other options have been used up: altitude, surprise, numerical superiority and teamwork. These are powerful force multipliers that the Hurricane pilot must learn to employ.

Because the enemy aircraft are always faster than the Hurricane in a level race, the aggressive Hurricane pilot must entice the enemy to turn and remain within easy grasp, where the Hurricane can utilize lead pursuit to bring his guns to bear. If the enemy does not comply but runs away, the Hurricane must break off pursuit and pretend not to care while preparing to recieve the bandit again, should he turn back for more. And if the bandit climbs away the Hurricane must extend away in the horizontal so as not to be trapped directly below the enemy where he is no more than a target for a diving attack.

On the defensive, the Hurricane pilot must likewise 'fight in circles' and either scare away his opponent or destroy him outright before he can disengage. Adding to his woes, the Hurricane pilot has no more than twelve seconds of uninterrupted fire, and his dogfighting options somewhat curtailed by a less than stellar roll rate. These two problems can be offset by a miser's fire discipline and deft use of snap rolls to increase his roll rate.

As always, going out alone is a certain recipe for disaster. The wise pilot flies in pairs, groups and gaggles, and preferably with a wingman on voice comms.

=Hawker Hurricane Mk IIb=

{| class="wikitable floatright"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | [[File:Ac uk hurri 2b.jpg|400px]]
|- style="background:#666600; color:#fff;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | '''Hawker Hurricane Mk IIb'''
|- style="background:#ddb;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | Specifications
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Type''' || Fighter
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Armament''' || 12x .303 cal (7.7 mm) Browning machineguns
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Crew''' || 1 (Pilot)
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Weight''' || 3,190kg
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Top Speed''' || 533km/h / 331mph.
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Max G''' || -5 / +10.5
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Armored Glass Windscreen''' || Yes
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Pilot Armor (back/head)''' || Yes/Yes
|}

==History==

The Hurricane I was outclassed and all but obsolescent already when first introduced to active service, yet proved to be a sturdy and functional guns platform against enemy bombers and a fully capable ground attack aircraft. Early in the war the RAF realized that the eight rifle caliber machine guns of the Spitfire and Hurricane offered insufficient stopping power, steps were taken to increase the weight of fire by a change of fighter armament policy expressed as the widespread use of 20 mm aircraft cannon instead of the traditional machine gun.

The first measure was the construction of an ”Universal Wing” that would accomodate a variety of armaments and bombs, the second to add another four .303 machineguns to create what was called a ”twelve-gun shotgun”, as a stop-gap increase in firepower until the anticipated 20 mm Hispano cannon was made available in quantity. The most significant improvement was however the Merlin XX engine which increased output from 1,030 to 1,390 hp, giving the Hurricane IIB a much needed increase in speed and acceleration. The same Universal Wing would later carry four 20 mm Hispano cannon and up to 1,000 lb worth of bombs in the Hurricane IIC, and two Vickers Type S 40 mm cannon in the Hurricane IID variant.

Contributing to the Hurricane's fighting ability was its somewhat legendary durability, a result of the old fashioned tubular steel truss fuselage construction covered with a streamlining wooden stringer and fabric fuselage cover, which by this stage of the war made it rather unique but easy to produce construction.

==Game Play==

The Hurricane IIB's increase in firepower comes at a price of more weight and slightly heavier roll inertia, though with a considerably more powerful engine the difference between it and the Mk I is slight. Roll rate is still sluggish, slightly faster than a Mk I the Mk IIB is still far slower than the Luftwaffe's main fighter, and it cannot climb its way out of a tight spot for love or money.

The Hurricane Mk IIB acts much like the Mk I, so the combat advice above applies in full: fight in circles when your other advantages have eroded; fight as a team with time-honoured 'drag-and-bag' tactics; and, whenever possible, let the Hurricanes deal with the bombcarriers and engage in close air support while the better performing fighters deal with matters of air superiority. With its twelve guns and additional ammo, the Hurricane Mk IIB has the wherewithal to be a decent CAS aircraft, although it can only hope to hurt soft targets: trucks, guns and infantry.

=Hawker Hurricane Mk IIb Fighter Bomber=
{| class="wikitable floatright"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | [[File:Hurri 2b FB.png|400px]]
|- style="background:#666600; color:#fff;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | '''Hawker Hurricane Mk IIb Fighter Bomber'''
|- style="background:#ddb;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | Specifications
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Type''' || Fighter/bomber
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Armament''' || 10x .303 cal (7.7 mm) Browning machineguns 2x250lb GP bombs
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Crew''' || 1 (Pilot)
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Weight''' || 3,190kg
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Top Speed''' || 530km/h / 329mph.
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Max G''' || -5 / +10.5
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Armored Glass Windscreen''' || Yes
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Pilot Armor (back/head)''' || Yes/Yes
|}
==History==

By spring 1941 as Germany looked to the East after the abortive Battle of Britain, the RAF began to aggressively “lean into" Occupied Europe - with fighter sweeps, bombing raids and general mayhem. Seeking speed, surprise and pinpoint accuracy, the still active but ageing Hurricane Mk II was selected to become the RAF's first fighter-bomber platform.

Fitted with a two-stage supercharged Merlin XX engine and equipped with under wing bomb racks rated to carry two 250 lb. (112 kg) General Purpose bombs, the " Hurribomber became the staple fighter-bomber in all theatres of war and soldiered on with various engine, armour and armament upgrades until the end of hostilities.

==Game Play==

The Hurricane Mk IIB “Hurribomber” represents the Frist British fighter bomber to enter a Battleground Europe campaign. it is available from tier 1. It also available to the French air force. Like its predecessors it is not very fast and it does not climb very well in comparison to the opposition, which, at the time the Hurribomber debuts, is generally the much better performing Bf 109-F.

Because the Hurricane platform is always well behind the enemy on the speed and power curve, the Hurricane pilot must take this into account and fly so as to maximise his chances – for one on one, any reasonably well-handled Bf 109 has the speed and manoeuvrability to dominate the Hurricane in all aspects but one: turn radius. Knowing this the Hurricane pilot makes sure to arrive with a good head of steam and plenty of altitude to spend before he must use his remaining ace and turn for dear life, fighting in circles as described previously.

The Hurribomber likes all kinds of approaches to the combat area. Go in fast and hard on the deck for rapid attacks at low altitude; fly in teams of four to eight at medium altitude when friendly fighters own the sky; or come in from 12,000 or still higher with the engine on idle to 'bomb and run' when enemy fighters and AA guns are strongly present. For more guidance in this matter, please refer to the [[Close Air Support]] section.

=Hawker Hurricane Mk IIc=

{| class="wikitable floatright"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | [[File:Ac uk hurri 2c.jpg|400px]]
|- style="background:#666600; color:#fff;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | '''Hawker Hurricane Mk IIc'''
|- style="background:#ddb;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | Specifications
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Type''' || Fighter / Bomber
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Armament''' || 4 x 20 mm Cannon, 2 x 500 lb Bombs
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Crew''' || 1 (Pilot)
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Weight''' || 3,220kg
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Top Speed''' || 528km/h 329Mph
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Max G''' || -5 / +10.5
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Armored Glass Windscreen''' || Yes
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Pilot Armor (back/head)''' || Yes/Yes
|}

==History==

The same Universal Wing that was first employed with the Hurricane Mk IIB was also the main feature of the Mk IIC. Both the Mk IIB and Mk IIC were dubbed ”Hurribomber” as a reflection of its newly acquired fighter-bomber role – both variants were rated to carry two 250 lb bombs, later increased to two 500 lb bombs on underwing hardpoints. The distinguishing difference between the IIB and IIC was the latter's main armament, now comprising four 20 mm Hispano cannon. Service use of the Mk IIC began in April 1941, barely three months after the IIB's combat debut.

Some Hawker Hurricane IIBs and IICs carried six, later eight, 3 inch rocket projectiles underwing, after tests starting in February 1942, further improving its capacity for ground attack.

==Game Play==

The Hurricane Mk IIC “Hurribomber” represents the second British fighter bomber to enter a Battleground Europe campaign, arriving in game from tier 2. Like its predecessors it is not very fast and it does not climb very well in comparison to the opposition, which, at the time the Hurribomber debuts, is generally the much better performing Bf 109-F.

Because the Hurricane platform is always well behind the enemy on the speed and power curve, the Hurricane pilot must take this into account and fly so as to maximise his chances – for one on one, any reasonably well-handled Bf 109 has the speed and manoeuvrability to dominate the Hurricane in all aspects but one: turn radius. Knowing this the Hurricane pilot makes sure to arrive with a good head of steam and plenty of altitude to spend before he must use his remaining ace and turn for dear life, fighting in circles as described previously.

While the Hurribomber has the firepower to rip enemy aircraft to shreds at a brief touch of the trigger, and many pilots take delight in using it as a pure fighter, the Hurricane Mk IIC's earns its dues as a competent ground attack platform.

Use the Hurricane IIC in strength to bring an overwhelming amount of bombs and firepower to bear where the need is the greatest. While slow for a fighter it is nevertheless faster than a bomber, and can pick and choose between targets far easier than they – and defend itself against enemy fighters should the need arise.

The Hurribomber likes all kinds of approaches to the combat area. Go in fast and hard on the deck for rapid attacks at low altitude; fly in teams of four to eight at medium altitude when friendly fighters own the sky; or come in from 12,000 or still higher with the engine on idle to 'bomb and run' when enemy fighters and AA guns are strongly present. For more guidance in this matter, please refer to the [[Close Air Support]] section.

=Hawker Hurricane Mk IID=
{| class="wikitable floatright"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | [[File:Hurri 2D.png|400px]]
|- style="background:#666600; color:#fff;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | '''Hawker Hurricane Mk IID'''
|- style="background:#ddb;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | Specifications
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Type''' || Tank Buster
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Armament''' || 2 x 40 mm Vickers S Cannon, 2 x .303 Browning LMG
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Crew''' || 1 (Pilot)
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Weight''' || 3,560kg
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Top Speed''' || 460km/h 285Mph
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Armored Glass Windscreen''' || Yes
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Pilot Armor (back/head)''' || Yes/Yes
|}

==History==
The " "Tank Buster"" was the second ground attack variant of the venerable Hurricane airframe, packing to hard-hitting Vickers-S 40 mm Armor piercing cannons and extra armor plate for the engine and pilot. Using the same
Merlin XX engine as t's MkllC cousin, the weight and drag of the big external guns in addition to the extra armour made the MkllD a little bit slower in top speed and climb than its MkllC predecessor.
The ongoing experimentation with increasingly heavy loadouts and different wing and gun packages gave the Hurricane the punch it needed to to be successful in several useful roles including that against both armour and shipping. This helped keep the rugged but dated airframe viable as a ground attack and close support fighter bomber throughout the latter half of the war. Apart from the first few production machines, all Hurri MkllD's had additional armour to protect pilot, radiator and engine from small-arms fire. Even with its extra armour and big guns, the plane was still susceptible to heavy groundfire and roving fighters, but even so, this sturdy warplane became the scourge of Rommel's armoured units in North Africa.

==Game Play==

 
 
 
 

<hr>

{{Template:Air Units}}

[[Category:Air Units]]

Hurricane

2025-05-07T17:31:28Z

Hatch: /* Hawker Hurricane Mk I */

=Hawker Hurricane Mk I=

{| class="wikitable floatright"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | [[File:Ac uk hurri 1.jpg|400px]]
|- style="background:#666600; color:#fff;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | '''Hawker Hurricane Mk I'''
|- style="background:#ddb;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | Specifications
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Type''' || Fighter
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Armament''' || 8 x .303 cal (7.7 mm) Browning machineguns
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Crew''' || 1 (Pilot)
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Weight''' || 2,894kg
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Top Speed''' || 511km/h
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Max G''' || -5 / +10.5
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Armored Glass Windscreen''' || Yes
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Pilot Armor (back/head)''' || No/No
|}

==History==

The Hurricane was the only modern British fighter available in quantity at the beginning of the war. As Britain's first low-wing monoplane fighters design it was a huge leap forward from the biplane era such as embodied by the Gloster Gladiator and the Hawker Fury. Sturdy, reliable and highly maneuverable the Hurricane bore the brunt of fighting during the first months of shooting war in the west, though always overshadowed by the more illustrious Supermarine Spitfire. The Hurricane was however the real victor of the Battle of Britain, equipping three-fifths of the RAF and destroying twice as many aircraft as the Spitfires in the battle.

While the Hurricane I and II were considerably slower than the prevailing German fighter, the Bf-109, and struggled to keep up with both the Bf-110 and the the Ju-88, it managed to hold its own thanks to the benefit of radar assisted ground controlled interception, which gave the Hurricane formations positional advantage necessary to deliver a telling blow.

Inreasingly outclassed and with no hope of improving the airframe to compete on even terms with the Bf-109, the Hurricane was eventually relegated to ground attack missions in which it served with particular distinction over France and North Africa. Later versions of the Hurricane were operational in the Middle and Far East theatres until the end of the war, and, perhaps little known, in Europe until the end of 1944.

==Game Play==

The Hurricane Mk I is the basic RAF fighter plane in the early days of a Battleground Europe campaign. It is not particularly fast and does not climb as well as the more advanced Spitfire Mk I, but it does have some advantages in combat, chiefly in turn radius and diving ability. It is a stable guns platform without serious vices, and less experienced pilots find it easier to score hits with the Hurricane than with the Spitfire because the guns are all grouped evenly together, producing a tight and concentrated shot pattern at convergence range.

The Hurricane pilot, fighting against aircraft that climb better, fly faster and can sustain a dive better, must use his single remaining advantage – turning ability - to the hilt. However, this ace in the sleeve should ideally only be used when all other options have been used up: altitude, surprise, numerical superiority and teamwork. These are powerful force multipliers that the Hurricane pilot must learn to employ.

Because the enemy aircraft are always faster than the Hurricane in a level race, the aggressive Hurricane pilot must entice the enemy to turn and remain within easy grasp, where the Hurricane can utilize lead pursuit to bring his guns to bear. If the enemy does not comply but runs away, the Hurricane must break off pursuit and pretend not to care while preparing to recieve the bandit again, should he turn back for more. And if the bandit climbs away the Hurricane must extend away in the horizontal so as not to be trapped directly below the enemy where he is no more than a target for a diving attack.

On the defensive, the Hurricane pilot must likewise 'fight in circles' and either scare away his opponent or destroy him outright before he can disengage. Adding to his woes, the Hurricane pilot has no more than twelve seconds of uninterrupted fire, and his dogfighting options somewhat curtailed by a less than stellar roll rate. These two problems can be offset by a miser's fire discipline and deft use of snap rolls to increase his roll rate.

As always, going out alone is a certain recipe for disaster. The wise pilot flies in pairs, groups and gaggles, and preferably with a wingman on voice comms.

=Hawker Hurricane Mk IIb=

{| class="wikitable floatright"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | [[File:Ac uk hurri 2b.jpg|400px]]
|- style="background:#666600; color:#fff;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | '''Hawker Hurricane Mk IIb'''
|- style="background:#ddb;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | Specifications
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Type''' || Fighter
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Armament''' || 12x .303 cal (7.7 mm) Browning machineguns
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Crew''' || 1 (Pilot)
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Weight''' || 3,190kg
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Top Speed''' || 533km/h / 331mph.
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Max G''' || -5 / +10.5
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Armored Glass Windscreen''' || Yes
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Pilot Armor (back/head)''' || Yes/Yes
|}

==History==

The Hurricane I was outclassed and all but obsolescent already when first introduced to active service, yet proved to be a sturdy and functional guns platform against enemy bombers and a fully capable ground attack aircraft. Early in the war the RAF realized that the eight rifle caliber machine guns of the Spitfire and Hurricane offered insufficient stopping power, steps were taken to increase the weight of fire by a change of fighter armament policy expressed as the widespread use of 20 mm aircraft cannon instead of the traditional machine gun.

The first measure was the construction of an ”Universal Wing” that would accomodate a variety of armaments and bombs, the second to add another four .303 machineguns to create what was called a ”twelve-gun shotgun”, as a stop-gap increase in firepower until the anticipated 20 mm Hispano cannon was made available in quantity. The most significant improvement was however the Merlin XX engine which increased output from 1,030 to 1,390 hp, giving the Hurricane IIB a much needed increase in speed and acceleration. The same Universal Wing would later carry four 20 mm Hispano cannon and up to 1,000 lb worth of bombs in the Hurricane IIC, and two Vickers Type S 40 mm cannon in the Hurricane IID variant.

Contributing to the Hurricane's fighting ability was its somewhat legendary durability, a result of the old fashioned tubular steel truss fuselage construction covered with a streamlining wooden stringer and fabric fuselage cover, which by this stage of the war made it rather unique but easy to produce construction.

==Game Play==

The Hurricane IIB's increase in firepower comes at a price of more weight and slightly heavier roll inertia, though with a considerably more powerful engine the difference between it and the Mk I is slight. Roll rate is still sluggish, slightly faster than a Mk I the Mk IIB is still far slower than the Luftwaffe's main fighter, and it cannot climb its way out of a tight spot for love or money.

The Hurricane Mk IIB acts much like the Mk I, so the combat advice above applies in full: fight in circles when your other advantages have eroded; fight as a team with time-honoured 'drag-and-bag' tactics; and, whenever possible, let the Hurricanes deal with the bombcarriers and engage in close air support while the better performing fighters deal with matters of air superiority. With its twelve guns and additional ammo, the Hurricane Mk IIB has the wherewithal to be a decent CAS aircraft, although it can only hope to hurt soft targets: trucks, guns and infantry.

=Hawker Hurricane Mk IIb Fighter Bomber=
{| class="wikitable floatright"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | [[File:Hurri 2b FB.png|400px]]
|- style="background:#666600; color:#fff;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | '''Hawker Hurricane Mk IIb Fighter Bomber'''
|- style="background:#ddb;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | Specifications
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Type''' || Fighter/bomber
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Armament''' || 10x .303 cal (7.7 mm) Browning machineguns 2x250lb GP bombs
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Crew''' || 1 (Pilot)
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Weight''' || 3,190kg
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Top Speed''' || 530km/h / 329mph.
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Max G''' || -5 / +10.5
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Armored Glass Windscreen''' || Yes
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Pilot Armor (back/head)''' || Yes/Yes
|}
==History==

By spring 1941 as Germany looked to the East after the abortive Battle of Britain, the RAF began to aggressively “lean into" Occupied Europe - with fighter sweeps, bombing raids and general mayhem. Seeking speed, surprise and pinpoint accuracy, the still active but ageing Hurricane Mk II was selected to become the RAF's first fighter-bomber platform.

Fitted with a two-stage supercharged Merlin XX engine and equipped with under wing bomb racks rated to carry two 250 lb. (112 kg) General Purpose bombs, the " Hurribomber became the staple fighter-bomber in all theatres of war and soldiered on with various engine, armour and armament upgrades until the end of hostilities.

==Game Play==

The Hurricane Mk IIB “Hurribomber” represents the Frist British fighter bomber to enter a Battleground Europe campaign. it is available from tier 1. It also available to the French air force. Like its predecessors it is not very fast and it does not climb very well in comparison to the opposition, which, at the time the Hurribomber debuts, is generally the much better performing Bf 109-F.

Because the Hurricane platform is always well behind the enemy on the speed and power curve, the Hurricane pilot must take this into account and fly so as to maximise his chances – for one on one, any reasonably well-handled Bf 109 has the speed and manoeuvrability to dominate the Hurricane in all aspects but one: turn radius. Knowing this the Hurricane pilot makes sure to arrive with a good head of steam and plenty of altitude to spend before he must use his remaining ace and turn for dear life, fighting in circles as described previously.

The Hurribomber likes all kinds of approaches to the combat area. Go in fast and hard on the deck for rapid attacks at low altitude; fly in teams of four to eight at medium altitude when friendly fighters own the sky; or come in from 12,000 or still higher with the engine on idle to 'bomb and run' when enemy fighters and AA guns are strongly present. For more guidance in this matter, please refer to the [[Close Air Support]] section.

=Hawker Hurricane Mk IIc=

{| class="wikitable floatright"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | [[File:Ac uk hurri 2c.jpg|400px]]
|- style="background:#666600; color:#fff;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | '''Hawker Hurricane Mk IIc'''
|- style="background:#ddb;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | Specifications
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Type''' || Fighter / Bomber
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Armament''' || 4 x 20 mm Cannon, 2 x 500 lb Bombs
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Crew''' || 1 (Pilot)
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Weight''' || 3,220kg
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Top Speed''' || 528km/h 329Mph
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Max G''' || -5 / +10.5
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Armored Glass Windscreen''' || Yes
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Pilot Armor (back/head)''' || Yes/Yes
|}

==History==

The same Universal Wing that was first employed with the Hurricane Mk IIB was also the main feature of the Mk IIC. Both the Mk IIB and Mk IIC were dubbed ”Hurribomber” as a reflection of its newly acquired fighter-bomber role – both variants were rated to carry two 250 lb bombs, later increased to two 500 lb bombs on underwing hardpoints. The distinguishing difference between the IIB and IIC was the latter's main armament, now comprising four 20 mm Hispano cannon. Service use of the Mk IIC began in April 1941, barely three months after the IIB's combat debut.

Some Hawker Hurricane IIBs and IICs carried six, later eight, 3 inch rocket projectiles underwing, after tests starting in February 1942, further improving its capacity for ground attack.

==Game Play==

The Hurricane Mk IIC “Hurribomber” represents the second British fighter bomber to enter a Battleground Europe campaign, arriving in game from tier 2. Like its predecessors it is not very fast and it does not climb very well in comparison to the opposition, which, at the time the Hurribomber debuts, is generally the much better performing Bf 109-F.

Because the Hurricane platform is always well behind the enemy on the speed and power curve, the Hurricane pilot must take this into account and fly so as to maximise his chances – for one on one, any reasonably well-handled Bf 109 has the speed and manoeuvrability to dominate the Hurricane in all aspects but one: turn radius. Knowing this the Hurricane pilot makes sure to arrive with a good head of steam and plenty of altitude to spend before he must use his remaining ace and turn for dear life, fighting in circles as described previously.

While the Hurribomber has the firepower to rip enemy aircraft to shreds at a brief touch of the trigger, and many pilots take delight in using it as a pure fighter, the Hurricane Mk IIC's earns its dues as a competent ground attack platform.

Use the Hurricane IIC in strength to bring an overwhelming amount of bombs and firepower to bear where the need is the greatest. While slow for a fighter it is nevertheless faster than a bomber, and can pick and choose between targets far easier than they – and defend itself against enemy fighters should the need arise.

The Hurribomber likes all kinds of approaches to the combat area. Go in fast and hard on the deck for rapid attacks at low altitude; fly in teams of four to eight at medium altitude when friendly fighters own the sky; or come in from 12,000 or still higher with the engine on idle to 'bomb and run' when enemy fighters and AA guns are strongly present. For more guidance in this matter, please refer to the [[Close Air Support]] section.

=Hawker Hurricane Mk IID=
{| class="wikitable floatright"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | [[File:Hurri 2D.png|400px]]
|- style="background:#666600; color:#fff;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | '''Hawker Hurricane Mk IID'''
|- style="background:#ddb;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | Specifications
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Type''' || Tank Buster
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Armament''' || 2 x 40 mm Vickers S Cannon, 2 x .303 Browning LMG
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Crew''' || 1 (Pilot)
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Weight''' || 3,560kg
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Top Speed''' || 460km/h 285Mph
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Armored Glass Windscreen''' || Yes
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Pilot Armor (back/head)''' || Yes/Yes
|}

==History==
The " "Tank Buster"" was the second ground attack variant of the venerable Hurricane airframe, packing to hard-hitting Vickers-S 40 mm Armor piercing cannons and extra armor plate for the engine and pilot. Using the same
Merlin XX engine as t's MkllC cousin, the weight and drag of the big external guns in addition to the extra armour made the MkllD a little bit slower in top speed and climb than its MkllC predecessor.
The ongoing experimentation with increasingly heavy loadouts and different wing and gun packages gave the Hurricane the punch it needed to to be successful in several useful roles including that against both armour and shipping. This helped keep the rugged but dated airframe viable as a ground attack and close support fighter bomber throughout the latter half of the war. Apart from the first few production machines, all Hurri MkllD's had additional armour to protect pilot, radiator and engine from small-arms fire. Even with its extra armour and big guns, the plane was still susceptible to heavy groundfire and roving fighters, but even so, this sturdy warplane became the scourge of Rommel's armoured units in North Africa.

==Game Play==

 
 
 
 

<hr>

{{Template:Air Units}}

[[Category:Air Units]]

Hurricane

2025-05-07T17:29:40Z

Hatch: /* Hawker Hurricane Mk IIb Fighter Bomber */

=Hawker Hurricane Mk I=

{| class="wikitable floatright"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | [[File:Ac uk hurri 1.jpg|400px]]
|- style="background:#666600; color:#fff;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | '''Hawker Hurricane Mk I'''
|- style="background:#ddb;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | Specifications
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Type''' || Fighter
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Armament''' || 8 x .303 cal (7.7 mm) Browning machineguns
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Crew''' || 1 (Pilot)
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Weight''' || 2,894kg
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Top Speed''' || 511km/h
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Max G''' || -5 / +10.5
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Armored Glass Windscreen''' || Yes
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Pilot Armor (back/head)''' || No/No
|}

==History==

The Hurricane was the only modern British fighter available in quantity at the beginning of the war. As Britain's first low-wing monoplane fighters design it was a huge leap forward from the biplane era such as embodied by the Gloster Gladiator and the Hawker Fury. Sturdy, reliable and highly maneuverable the Hurricane bore the brunt of fighting during the first months of shooting war in the west, though always overshadowed by the more illustrious Supermarine Spitfire. The Hurricane was however the real victor of the Battle of Britain, equipping three-fifths of the RAF and destroying twice as many aircraft as the Spitfires in the battle.

While the Hurricane I and II were considerably slower than the prevailing German fighter, the Bf-109, and struggled to keep up with both the Bf-110 and the the Ju-88, it managed to hold its own thanks to the benefit of radar assisted ground controlled interception, which gave the Hurricane formations positional advantage necessary to deliver a telling blow.

Inreasingly outclassed and with no hope of improving the airframe to compete on even terms with the Bf-109, the Hurricane was eventually relegated to ground attack missions in which it served with particular distinction over France and North Africa. Later versions of the Hurricane were operational in the Middle and Far East theatres until the end of the war, and, perhaps little known, in Europe until the end of 1944.

==Game Play==

The Hurricane Mk I is the basic RAF fighter plane in the early days of a Battleground Europe campaign. It is not particularly fast and does not climb as well as the more advanced Spitfire Mk I, but it does have some advantages in combat, chiefly in turn radius and diving ability. It is a stable guns platform without serious vices, and less experienced pilots find it easier to score hits with the Hurricane than with the Spitfire because the guns are all grouped evenly together, producing a tight and concentrated shot pattern at convergence range.

The Hurricane pilot, fighting against aircraft that climb better, fly faster and can sustain a dive better, must use his single remaining advantage – turning ability - to the hilt. However, this ace in the sleeve should ideally only be used when all other options have been used up: altitude, surprise, numerical superiority and teamwork. These are powerful force multipliers that the Hurricane pilot must learn to employ.

Because the enemy aircraft are always faster than the Hurricane in a level race, the aggressive Hurricane pilot must entice the enemy to turn and remain within easy grasp, where the Hurricane can utilize lead pursuit to bring his guns to bear. If the enemy does not comply but runs away, the Hurricane must break off pursuit and pretend not to care while preparing to recieve the bandit again, should he turn back for more. And if the bandit climbs away the Hurricane must extend away in the horizontal so as not to be trapped directly below the enemy where he is no more than a target for a diving attack.

On the defensive, the Hurricane pilot must likewise 'fight in circles' and either scare away his opponent or destroy him outright before he can disengage. Adding to his woes, the Hurricane pilot has no more than twelve seconds of uninterrupted fire, and his dogfighting options somewhat curtailed by a less than stellar roll rate. These two problems can be offset by a miser's fire discipline and deft use of snap rolls to increase his roll rate.

As always, going out alone is a certain recipe for disaster. The wise pilot flies in pairs, groups and gaggles, and preferably with a wingman on voice comms.

=Hawker Hurricane Mk IIb=

{| class="wikitable floatright"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | [[File:Ac uk hurri 2b.jpg|400px]]
|- style="background:#666600; color:#fff;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | '''Hawker Hurricane Mk IIb'''
|- style="background:#ddb;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | Specifications
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Type''' || Fighter
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Armament''' || 12x .303 cal (7.7 mm) Browning machineguns
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Crew''' || 1 (Pilot)
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Weight''' || 3,190kg
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Top Speed''' || 533km/h / 331mph.
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Max G''' || -5 / +10.5
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Armored Glass Windscreen''' || Yes
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Pilot Armor (back/head)''' || Yes/Yes
|}

==History==

The Hurricane I was outclassed and all but obsolescent already when first introduced to active service, yet proved to be a sturdy and functional guns platform against enemy bombers and a fully capable ground attack aircraft. Early in the war the RAF realized that the eight rifle caliber machine guns of the Spitfire and Hurricane offered insufficient stopping power, steps were taken to increase the weight of fire by a change of fighter armament policy expressed as the widespread use of 20 mm aircraft cannon instead of the traditional machine gun.

The first measure was the construction of an ”Universal Wing” that would accomodate a variety of armaments and bombs, the second to add another four .303 machineguns to create what was called a ”twelve-gun shotgun”, as a stop-gap increase in firepower until the anticipated 20 mm Hispano cannon was made available in quantity. The most significant improvement was however the Merlin XX engine which increased output from 1,030 to 1,390 hp, giving the Hurricane IIB a much needed increase in speed and acceleration. The same Universal Wing would later carry four 20 mm Hispano cannon and up to 1,000 lb worth of bombs in the Hurricane IIC, and two Vickers Type S 40 mm cannon in the Hurricane IID variant.

Contributing to the Hurricane's fighting ability was its somewhat legendary durability, a result of the old fashioned tubular steel truss fuselage construction covered with a streamlining wooden stringer and fabric fuselage cover, which by this stage of the war made it rather unique but easy to produce construction.

==Game Play==

The Hurricane IIB's increase in firepower comes at a price of more weight and slightly heavier roll inertia, though with a considerably more powerful engine the difference between it and the Mk I is slight. Roll rate is still sluggish, slightly faster than a Mk I the Mk IIB is still far slower than the Luftwaffe's main fighter, and it cannot climb its way out of a tight spot for love or money.

The Hurricane Mk IIB acts much like the Mk I, so the combat advice above applies in full: fight in circles when your other advantages have eroded; fight as a team with time-honoured 'drag-and-bag' tactics; and, whenever possible, let the Hurricanes deal with the bombcarriers and engage in close air support while the better performing fighters deal with matters of air superiority. With its twelve guns and additional ammo, the Hurricane Mk IIB has the wherewithal to be a decent CAS aircraft, although it can only hope to hurt soft targets: trucks, guns and infantry.

=Hawker Hurricane Mk IIb Fighter Bomber=
{| class="wikitable floatright"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | [[File:Hurri 2b FB.png|400px]]
|- style="background:#666600; color:#fff;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | '''Hawker Hurricane Mk IIb Fighter Bomber'''
|- style="background:#ddb;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | Specifications
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Type''' || Fighter/bomber
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Armament''' || 10x .303 cal (7.7 mm) Browning machineguns 2x250lb GP bombs
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Crew''' || 1 (Pilot)
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Weight''' || 3,190kg
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Top Speed''' || 530km/h / 329mph.
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Max G''' || -5 / +10.5
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Armored Glass Windscreen''' || Yes
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Pilot Armor (back/head)''' || Yes/Yes
|}
==History==

By spring 1941 as Germany looked to the East after the abortive Battle of Britain, the RAF began to aggressively “lean into" Occupied Europe - with fighter sweeps, bombing raids and general mayhem. Seeking speed, surprise and pinpoint accuracy, the still active but ageing Hurricane Mk II was selected to become the RAF's first fighter-bomber platform.

Fitted with a two-stage supercharged Merlin XX engine and equipped with under wing bomb racks rated to carry two 250 lb. (112 kg) General Purpose bombs, the " Hurribomber became the staple fighter-bomber in all theatres of war and soldiered on with various engine, armour and armament upgrades until the end of hostilities.

==Game Play==

The Hurricane Mk IIB “Hurribomber” represents the Frist British fighter bomber to enter a Battleground Europe campaign. it is available from tier 1. It also available to the French air force. Like its predecessors it is not very fast and it does not climb very well in comparison to the opposition, which, at the time the Hurribomber debuts, is generally the much better performing Bf 109-F.

Because the Hurricane platform is always well behind the enemy on the speed and power curve, the Hurricane pilot must take this into account and fly so as to maximise his chances – for one on one, any reasonably well-handled Bf 109 has the speed and manoeuvrability to dominate the Hurricane in all aspects but one: turn radius. Knowing this the Hurricane pilot makes sure to arrive with a good head of steam and plenty of altitude to spend before he must use his remaining ace and turn for dear life, fighting in circles as described previously.

The Hurribomber likes all kinds of approaches to the combat area. Go in fast and hard on the deck for rapid attacks at low altitude; fly in teams of four to eight at medium altitude when friendly fighters own the sky; or come in from 12,000 or still higher with the engine on idle to 'bomb and run' when enemy fighters and AA guns are strongly present. For more guidance in this matter, please refer to the [[Close Air Support]] section.

=Hawker Hurricane Mk IIc=

{| class="wikitable floatright"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | [[File:Ac uk hurri 2c.jpg|400px]]
|- style="background:#666600; color:#fff;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | '''Hawker Hurricane Mk IIc'''
|- style="background:#ddb;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | Specifications
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Type''' || Fighter / Bomber
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Armament''' || 4 x 20 mm Cannon, 2 x 500 lb Bombs
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Crew''' || 1 (Pilot)
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Weight''' || 3,220kg
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Top Speed''' || 528km/h 329Mph
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Max G''' || -5 / +10.5
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Armored Glass Windscreen''' || Yes
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Pilot Armor (back/head)''' || Yes/Yes
|}

==History==

The same Universal Wing that was first employed with the Hurricane Mk IIB was also the main feature of the Mk IIC. Both the Mk IIB and Mk IIC were dubbed ”Hurribomber” as a reflection of its newly acquired fighter-bomber role – both variants were rated to carry two 250 lb bombs, later increased to two 500 lb bombs on underwing hardpoints. The distinguishing difference between the IIB and IIC was the latter's main armament, now comprising four 20 mm Hispano cannon. Service use of the Mk IIC began in April 1941, barely three months after the IIB's combat debut.

Some Hawker Hurricane IIBs and IICs carried six, later eight, 3 inch rocket projectiles underwing, after tests starting in February 1942, further improving its capacity for ground attack.

==Game Play==

The Hurricane Mk IIC “Hurribomber” represents the second British fighter bomber to enter a Battleground Europe campaign, arriving in game from tier 2. Like its predecessors it is not very fast and it does not climb very well in comparison to the opposition, which, at the time the Hurribomber debuts, is generally the much better performing Bf 109-F.

Because the Hurricane platform is always well behind the enemy on the speed and power curve, the Hurricane pilot must take this into account and fly so as to maximise his chances – for one on one, any reasonably well-handled Bf 109 has the speed and manoeuvrability to dominate the Hurricane in all aspects but one: turn radius. Knowing this the Hurricane pilot makes sure to arrive with a good head of steam and plenty of altitude to spend before he must use his remaining ace and turn for dear life, fighting in circles as described previously.

While the Hurribomber has the firepower to rip enemy aircraft to shreds at a brief touch of the trigger, and many pilots take delight in using it as a pure fighter, the Hurricane Mk IIC's earns its dues as a competent ground attack platform.

Use the Hurricane IIC in strength to bring an overwhelming amount of bombs and firepower to bear where the need is the greatest. While slow for a fighter it is nevertheless faster than a bomber, and can pick and choose between targets far easier than they – and defend itself against enemy fighters should the need arise.

The Hurribomber likes all kinds of approaches to the combat area. Go in fast and hard on the deck for rapid attacks at low altitude; fly in teams of four to eight at medium altitude when friendly fighters own the sky; or come in from 12,000 or still higher with the engine on idle to 'bomb and run' when enemy fighters and AA guns are strongly present. For more guidance in this matter, please refer to the [[Close Air Support]] section.

=Hawker Hurricane Mk IID=
{| class="wikitable floatright"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | [[File:Hurri 2D.png|400px]]
|- style="background:#666600; color:#fff;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | '''Hawker Hurricane Mk IID'''
|- style="background:#ddb;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | Specifications
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Type''' || Tank Buster
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Armament''' || 2 x 40 mm Vickers S Cannon, 2 x .303 Browning LMG
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Crew''' || 1 (Pilot)
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Weight''' || 3,560kg
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Top Speed''' || 460km/h 285Mph
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Armored Glass Windscreen''' || Yes
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Pilot Armor (back/head)''' || Yes/Yes
|}

==History==
The " "Tank Buster"" was the second ground attack variant of the venerable Hurricane airframe, packing to hard-hitting Vickers-S 40 mm Armor piercing cannons and extra armor plate for the engine and pilot. Using the same
Merlin XX engine as t's MkllC cousin, the weight and drag of the big external guns in addition to the extra armour made the MkllD a little bit slower in top speed and climb than its MkllC predecessor.
The ongoing experimentation with increasingly heavy loadouts and different wing and gun packages gave the Hurricane the punch it needed to to be successful in several useful roles including that against both armour and shipping. This helped keep the rugged but dated airframe viable as a ground attack and close support fighter bomber throughout the latter half of the war. Apart from the first few production machines, all Hurri MkllD's had additional armour to protect pilot, radiator and engine from small-arms fire. Even with its extra armour and big guns, the plane was still susceptible to heavy groundfire and roving fighters, but even so, this sturdy warplane became the scourge of Rommel's armoured units in North Africa.

==Game Play==

 
 
 
 

<hr>

{{Template:Air Units}}

[[Category:Air Units]]

Hurricane

2025-05-07T17:29:11Z

Hatch: /* Hawker Hurricane Mk IIb */

=Hawker Hurricane Mk I=

{| class="wikitable floatright"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | [[File:Ac uk hurri 1.jpg|400px]]
|- style="background:#666600; color:#fff;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | '''Hawker Hurricane Mk I'''
|- style="background:#ddb;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | Specifications
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Type''' || Fighter
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Armament''' || 8 x .303 cal (7.7 mm) Browning machineguns
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Crew''' || 1 (Pilot)
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Weight''' || 2,894kg
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Top Speed''' || 511km/h
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Max G''' || -5 / +10.5
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Armored Glass Windscreen''' || Yes
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Pilot Armor (back/head)''' || No/No
|}

==History==

The Hurricane was the only modern British fighter available in quantity at the beginning of the war. As Britain's first low-wing monoplane fighters design it was a huge leap forward from the biplane era such as embodied by the Gloster Gladiator and the Hawker Fury. Sturdy, reliable and highly maneuverable the Hurricane bore the brunt of fighting during the first months of shooting war in the west, though always overshadowed by the more illustrious Supermarine Spitfire. The Hurricane was however the real victor of the Battle of Britain, equipping three-fifths of the RAF and destroying twice as many aircraft as the Spitfires in the battle.

While the Hurricane I and II were considerably slower than the prevailing German fighter, the Bf-109, and struggled to keep up with both the Bf-110 and the the Ju-88, it managed to hold its own thanks to the benefit of radar assisted ground controlled interception, which gave the Hurricane formations positional advantage necessary to deliver a telling blow.

Inreasingly outclassed and with no hope of improving the airframe to compete on even terms with the Bf-109, the Hurricane was eventually relegated to ground attack missions in which it served with particular distinction over France and North Africa. Later versions of the Hurricane were operational in the Middle and Far East theatres until the end of the war, and, perhaps little known, in Europe until the end of 1944.

==Game Play==

The Hurricane Mk I is the basic RAF fighter plane in the early days of a Battleground Europe campaign. It is not particularly fast and does not climb as well as the more advanced Spitfire Mk I, but it does have some advantages in combat, chiefly in turn radius and diving ability. It is a stable guns platform without serious vices, and less experienced pilots find it easier to score hits with the Hurricane than with the Spitfire because the guns are all grouped evenly together, producing a tight and concentrated shot pattern at convergence range.

The Hurricane pilot, fighting against aircraft that climb better, fly faster and can sustain a dive better, must use his single remaining advantage – turning ability - to the hilt. However, this ace in the sleeve should ideally only be used when all other options have been used up: altitude, surprise, numerical superiority and teamwork. These are powerful force multipliers that the Hurricane pilot must learn to employ.

Because the enemy aircraft are always faster than the Hurricane in a level race, the aggressive Hurricane pilot must entice the enemy to turn and remain within easy grasp, where the Hurricane can utilize lead pursuit to bring his guns to bear. If the enemy does not comply but runs away, the Hurricane must break off pursuit and pretend not to care while preparing to recieve the bandit again, should he turn back for more. And if the bandit climbs away the Hurricane must extend away in the horizontal so as not to be trapped directly below the enemy where he is no more than a target for a diving attack.

On the defensive, the Hurricane pilot must likewise 'fight in circles' and either scare away his opponent or destroy him outright before he can disengage. Adding to his woes, the Hurricane pilot has no more than twelve seconds of uninterrupted fire, and his dogfighting options somewhat curtailed by a less than stellar roll rate. These two problems can be offset by a miser's fire discipline and deft use of snap rolls to increase his roll rate.

As always, going out alone is a certain recipe for disaster. The wise pilot flies in pairs, groups and gaggles, and preferably with a wingman on voice comms.

=Hawker Hurricane Mk IIb=

{| class="wikitable floatright"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | [[File:Ac uk hurri 2b.jpg|400px]]
|- style="background:#666600; color:#fff;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | '''Hawker Hurricane Mk IIb'''
|- style="background:#ddb;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | Specifications
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Type''' || Fighter
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Armament''' || 12x .303 cal (7.7 mm) Browning machineguns
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Crew''' || 1 (Pilot)
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Weight''' || 3,190kg
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Top Speed''' || 533km/h / 331mph.
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Max G''' || -5 / +10.5
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Armored Glass Windscreen''' || Yes
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Pilot Armor (back/head)''' || Yes/Yes
|}

==History==

The Hurricane I was outclassed and all but obsolescent already when first introduced to active service, yet proved to be a sturdy and functional guns platform against enemy bombers and a fully capable ground attack aircraft. Early in the war the RAF realized that the eight rifle caliber machine guns of the Spitfire and Hurricane offered insufficient stopping power, steps were taken to increase the weight of fire by a change of fighter armament policy expressed as the widespread use of 20 mm aircraft cannon instead of the traditional machine gun.

The first measure was the construction of an ”Universal Wing” that would accomodate a variety of armaments and bombs, the second to add another four .303 machineguns to create what was called a ”twelve-gun shotgun”, as a stop-gap increase in firepower until the anticipated 20 mm Hispano cannon was made available in quantity. The most significant improvement was however the Merlin XX engine which increased output from 1,030 to 1,390 hp, giving the Hurricane IIB a much needed increase in speed and acceleration. The same Universal Wing would later carry four 20 mm Hispano cannon and up to 1,000 lb worth of bombs in the Hurricane IIC, and two Vickers Type S 40 mm cannon in the Hurricane IID variant.

Contributing to the Hurricane's fighting ability was its somewhat legendary durability, a result of the old fashioned tubular steel truss fuselage construction covered with a streamlining wooden stringer and fabric fuselage cover, which by this stage of the war made it rather unique but easy to produce construction.

==Game Play==

The Hurricane IIB's increase in firepower comes at a price of more weight and slightly heavier roll inertia, though with a considerably more powerful engine the difference between it and the Mk I is slight. Roll rate is still sluggish, slightly faster than a Mk I the Mk IIB is still far slower than the Luftwaffe's main fighter, and it cannot climb its way out of a tight spot for love or money.

The Hurricane Mk IIB acts much like the Mk I, so the combat advice above applies in full: fight in circles when your other advantages have eroded; fight as a team with time-honoured 'drag-and-bag' tactics; and, whenever possible, let the Hurricanes deal with the bombcarriers and engage in close air support while the better performing fighters deal with matters of air superiority. With its twelve guns and additional ammo, the Hurricane Mk IIB has the wherewithal to be a decent CAS aircraft, although it can only hope to hurt soft targets: trucks, guns and infantry.

=Hawker Hurricane Mk IIb Fighter Bomber=
{| class="wikitable floatright"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | [[File:Hurri 2b FB.png|400px]]
|- style="background:#666600; color:#fff;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | '''Hawker Hurricane Mk IIb Fighter Bomber'''
|- style="background:#ddb;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | Specifications
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Type''' || Fighter/bomber
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Armament''' || 10x .303 cal (7.7 mm) Browning machineguns 2x250lb GP bombs
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Crew''' || 1 (Pilot)
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Weight''' || 3,190kg
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Top Speed''' || 530km/h / 329mph.
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Armored Glass Windscreen''' || Yes
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Pilot Armor (back/head)''' || Yes/Yes
|}
==History==

By spring 1941 as Germany looked to the East after the abortive Battle of Britain, the RAF began to aggressively “lean into" Occupied Europe - with fighter sweeps, bombing raids and general mayhem. Seeking speed, surprise and pinpoint accuracy, the still active but ageing Hurricane Mk II was selected to become the RAF's first fighter-bomber platform.

Fitted with a two-stage supercharged Merlin XX engine and equipped with under wing bomb racks rated to carry two 250 lb. (112 kg) General Purpose bombs, the " Hurribomber became the staple fighter-bomber in all theatres of war and soldiered on with various engine, armour and armament upgrades until the end of hostilities.

==Game Play==

The Hurricane Mk IIB “Hurribomber” represents the Frist British fighter bomber to enter a Battleground Europe campaign. it is available from tier 1. It also available to the French air force. Like its predecessors it is not very fast and it does not climb very well in comparison to the opposition, which, at the time the Hurribomber debuts, is generally the much better performing Bf 109-F.

Because the Hurricane platform is always well behind the enemy on the speed and power curve, the Hurricane pilot must take this into account and fly so as to maximise his chances – for one on one, any reasonably well-handled Bf 109 has the speed and manoeuvrability to dominate the Hurricane in all aspects but one: turn radius. Knowing this the Hurricane pilot makes sure to arrive with a good head of steam and plenty of altitude to spend before he must use his remaining ace and turn for dear life, fighting in circles as described previously.

The Hurribomber likes all kinds of approaches to the combat area. Go in fast and hard on the deck for rapid attacks at low altitude; fly in teams of four to eight at medium altitude when friendly fighters own the sky; or come in from 12,000 or still higher with the engine on idle to 'bomb and run' when enemy fighters and AA guns are strongly present. For more guidance in this matter, please refer to the [[Close Air Support]] section.

=Hawker Hurricane Mk IIc=

{| class="wikitable floatright"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | [[File:Ac uk hurri 2c.jpg|400px]]
|- style="background:#666600; color:#fff;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | '''Hawker Hurricane Mk IIc'''
|- style="background:#ddb;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | Specifications
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Type''' || Fighter / Bomber
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Armament''' || 4 x 20 mm Cannon, 2 x 500 lb Bombs
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Crew''' || 1 (Pilot)
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Weight''' || 3,220kg
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Top Speed''' || 528km/h 329Mph
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Max G''' || -5 / +10.5
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Armored Glass Windscreen''' || Yes
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Pilot Armor (back/head)''' || Yes/Yes
|}

==History==

The same Universal Wing that was first employed with the Hurricane Mk IIB was also the main feature of the Mk IIC. Both the Mk IIB and Mk IIC were dubbed ”Hurribomber” as a reflection of its newly acquired fighter-bomber role – both variants were rated to carry two 250 lb bombs, later increased to two 500 lb bombs on underwing hardpoints. The distinguishing difference between the IIB and IIC was the latter's main armament, now comprising four 20 mm Hispano cannon. Service use of the Mk IIC began in April 1941, barely three months after the IIB's combat debut.

Some Hawker Hurricane IIBs and IICs carried six, later eight, 3 inch rocket projectiles underwing, after tests starting in February 1942, further improving its capacity for ground attack.

==Game Play==

The Hurricane Mk IIC “Hurribomber” represents the second British fighter bomber to enter a Battleground Europe campaign, arriving in game from tier 2. Like its predecessors it is not very fast and it does not climb very well in comparison to the opposition, which, at the time the Hurribomber debuts, is generally the much better performing Bf 109-F.

Because the Hurricane platform is always well behind the enemy on the speed and power curve, the Hurricane pilot must take this into account and fly so as to maximise his chances – for one on one, any reasonably well-handled Bf 109 has the speed and manoeuvrability to dominate the Hurricane in all aspects but one: turn radius. Knowing this the Hurricane pilot makes sure to arrive with a good head of steam and plenty of altitude to spend before he must use his remaining ace and turn for dear life, fighting in circles as described previously.

While the Hurribomber has the firepower to rip enemy aircraft to shreds at a brief touch of the trigger, and many pilots take delight in using it as a pure fighter, the Hurricane Mk IIC's earns its dues as a competent ground attack platform.

Use the Hurricane IIC in strength to bring an overwhelming amount of bombs and firepower to bear where the need is the greatest. While slow for a fighter it is nevertheless faster than a bomber, and can pick and choose between targets far easier than they – and defend itself against enemy fighters should the need arise.

The Hurribomber likes all kinds of approaches to the combat area. Go in fast and hard on the deck for rapid attacks at low altitude; fly in teams of four to eight at medium altitude when friendly fighters own the sky; or come in from 12,000 or still higher with the engine on idle to 'bomb and run' when enemy fighters and AA guns are strongly present. For more guidance in this matter, please refer to the [[Close Air Support]] section.

=Hawker Hurricane Mk IID=
{| class="wikitable floatright"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | [[File:Hurri 2D.png|400px]]
|- style="background:#666600; color:#fff;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | '''Hawker Hurricane Mk IID'''
|- style="background:#ddb;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | Specifications
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Type''' || Tank Buster
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Armament''' || 2 x 40 mm Vickers S Cannon, 2 x .303 Browning LMG
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Crew''' || 1 (Pilot)
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Weight''' || 3,560kg
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Top Speed''' || 460km/h 285Mph
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Armored Glass Windscreen''' || Yes
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Pilot Armor (back/head)''' || Yes/Yes
|}

==History==
The " "Tank Buster"" was the second ground attack variant of the venerable Hurricane airframe, packing to hard-hitting Vickers-S 40 mm Armor piercing cannons and extra armor plate for the engine and pilot. Using the same
Merlin XX engine as t's MkllC cousin, the weight and drag of the big external guns in addition to the extra armour made the MkllD a little bit slower in top speed and climb than its MkllC predecessor.
The ongoing experimentation with increasingly heavy loadouts and different wing and gun packages gave the Hurricane the punch it needed to to be successful in several useful roles including that against both armour and shipping. This helped keep the rugged but dated airframe viable as a ground attack and close support fighter bomber throughout the latter half of the war. Apart from the first few production machines, all Hurri MkllD's had additional armour to protect pilot, radiator and engine from small-arms fire. Even with its extra armour and big guns, the plane was still susceptible to heavy groundfire and roving fighters, but even so, this sturdy warplane became the scourge of Rommel's armoured units in North Africa.

==Game Play==

 
 
 
 

<hr>

{{Template:Air Units}}

[[Category:Air Units]]

Hurricane

2025-05-07T17:28:28Z

Hatch: /* Hawker Hurricane Mk I */

=Hawker Hurricane Mk I=

{| class="wikitable floatright"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | [[File:Ac uk hurri 1.jpg|400px]]
|- style="background:#666600; color:#fff;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | '''Hawker Hurricane Mk I'''
|- style="background:#ddb;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | Specifications
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Type''' || Fighter
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Armament''' || 8 x .303 cal (7.7 mm) Browning machineguns
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Crew''' || 1 (Pilot)
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Weight''' || 2,894kg
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Top Speed''' || 511km/h
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Max G''' || -5 / +10.5
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Armored Glass Windscreen''' || Yes
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Pilot Armor (back/head)''' || No/No
|}

==History==

The Hurricane was the only modern British fighter available in quantity at the beginning of the war. As Britain's first low-wing monoplane fighters design it was a huge leap forward from the biplane era such as embodied by the Gloster Gladiator and the Hawker Fury. Sturdy, reliable and highly maneuverable the Hurricane bore the brunt of fighting during the first months of shooting war in the west, though always overshadowed by the more illustrious Supermarine Spitfire. The Hurricane was however the real victor of the Battle of Britain, equipping three-fifths of the RAF and destroying twice as many aircraft as the Spitfires in the battle.

While the Hurricane I and II were considerably slower than the prevailing German fighter, the Bf-109, and struggled to keep up with both the Bf-110 and the the Ju-88, it managed to hold its own thanks to the benefit of radar assisted ground controlled interception, which gave the Hurricane formations positional advantage necessary to deliver a telling blow.

Inreasingly outclassed and with no hope of improving the airframe to compete on even terms with the Bf-109, the Hurricane was eventually relegated to ground attack missions in which it served with particular distinction over France and North Africa. Later versions of the Hurricane were operational in the Middle and Far East theatres until the end of the war, and, perhaps little known, in Europe until the end of 1944.

==Game Play==

The Hurricane Mk I is the basic RAF fighter plane in the early days of a Battleground Europe campaign. It is not particularly fast and does not climb as well as the more advanced Spitfire Mk I, but it does have some advantages in combat, chiefly in turn radius and diving ability. It is a stable guns platform without serious vices, and less experienced pilots find it easier to score hits with the Hurricane than with the Spitfire because the guns are all grouped evenly together, producing a tight and concentrated shot pattern at convergence range.

The Hurricane pilot, fighting against aircraft that climb better, fly faster and can sustain a dive better, must use his single remaining advantage – turning ability - to the hilt. However, this ace in the sleeve should ideally only be used when all other options have been used up: altitude, surprise, numerical superiority and teamwork. These are powerful force multipliers that the Hurricane pilot must learn to employ.

Because the enemy aircraft are always faster than the Hurricane in a level race, the aggressive Hurricane pilot must entice the enemy to turn and remain within easy grasp, where the Hurricane can utilize lead pursuit to bring his guns to bear. If the enemy does not comply but runs away, the Hurricane must break off pursuit and pretend not to care while preparing to recieve the bandit again, should he turn back for more. And if the bandit climbs away the Hurricane must extend away in the horizontal so as not to be trapped directly below the enemy where he is no more than a target for a diving attack.

On the defensive, the Hurricane pilot must likewise 'fight in circles' and either scare away his opponent or destroy him outright before he can disengage. Adding to his woes, the Hurricane pilot has no more than twelve seconds of uninterrupted fire, and his dogfighting options somewhat curtailed by a less than stellar roll rate. These two problems can be offset by a miser's fire discipline and deft use of snap rolls to increase his roll rate.

As always, going out alone is a certain recipe for disaster. The wise pilot flies in pairs, groups and gaggles, and preferably with a wingman on voice comms.

=Hawker Hurricane Mk IIb=

{| class="wikitable floatright"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | [[File:Ac uk hurri 2b.jpg|400px]]
|- style="background:#666600; color:#fff;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | '''Hawker Hurricane Mk IIb'''
|- style="background:#ddb;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | Specifications
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Type''' || Fighter
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Armament''' || 12x .303 cal (7.7 mm) Browning machineguns
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Crew''' || 1 (Pilot)
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Weight''' || 3,190kg
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Top Speed''' || 533km/h / 331mph.
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Max G''' || -5 / +10.5
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Armored Glass Windscreen''' || Yes
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Pilot Armor (back/head)''' || Yes/Yes
|}

==History==

The Hurricane I was outclassed and all but obsolescent already when first introduced to active service, yet proved to be a sturdy and functional guns platform against enemy bombers and a fully capable ground attack aircraft. Early in the war the RAF realized that the eight rifle caliber machine guns of the Spitfire and Hurricane offered insufficient stopping power, steps were taken to increase the weight of fire by a change of fighter armament policy expressed as the widespread use of 20 mm aircraft cannon instead of the traditional machine gun.

The first measure was the construction of an ”Universal Wing” that would accomodate a variety of armaments and bombs, the second to add another four .303 machineguns to create what was called a ”twelve-gun shotgun”, as a stop-gap increase in firepower until the anticipated 20 mm Hispano cannon was made available in quantity. The most significant improvement was however the Merlin XX engine which increased output from 1,030 to 1,390 hp, giving the Hurricane IIB a much needed increase in speed and acceleration. The same Universal Wing would later carry four 20 mm Hispano cannon and up to 1,000 lb worth of bombs in the Hurricane IIC, and two Vickers Type S 40 mm cannon in the Hurricane IID variant.

Contributing to the Hurricane's fighting ability was its somewhat legendary durability, a result of the old fashioned tubular steel truss fuselage construction covered with a streamlining wooden stringer and fabric fuselage cover, which by this stage of the war made it rather unique but easy to produce construction.

==Game Play==

The Hurricane IIB's increase in firepower comes at a price of more weight and slightly heavier roll inertia, though with a considerably more powerful engine the difference between it and the Mk I is slight. Roll rate is still sluggish, slightly faster than a Mk I the Mk IIB is still far slower than the Luftwaffe's main fighter, and it cannot climb its way out of a tight spot for love or money.

The Hurricane Mk IIB acts much like the Mk I, so the combat advice above applies in full: fight in circles when your other advantages have eroded; fight as a team with time-honoured 'drag-and-bag' tactics; and, whenever possible, let the Hurricanes deal with the bombcarriers and engage in close air support while the better performing fighters deal with matters of air superiority. With its twelve guns and additional ammo, the Hurricane Mk IIB has the wherewithal to be a decent CAS aircraft, although it can only hope to hurt soft targets: trucks, guns and infantry.

=Hawker Hurricane Mk IIb Fighter Bomber=
{| class="wikitable floatright"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | [[File:Hurri 2b FB.png|400px]]
|- style="background:#666600; color:#fff;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | '''Hawker Hurricane Mk IIb Fighter Bomber'''
|- style="background:#ddb;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | Specifications
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Type''' || Fighter/bomber
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Armament''' || 10x .303 cal (7.7 mm) Browning machineguns 2x250lb GP bombs
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Crew''' || 1 (Pilot)
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Weight''' || 3,190kg
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Top Speed''' || 530km/h / 329mph.
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Armored Glass Windscreen''' || Yes
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Pilot Armor (back/head)''' || Yes/Yes
|}
==History==

By spring 1941 as Germany looked to the East after the abortive Battle of Britain, the RAF began to aggressively “lean into" Occupied Europe - with fighter sweeps, bombing raids and general mayhem. Seeking speed, surprise and pinpoint accuracy, the still active but ageing Hurricane Mk II was selected to become the RAF's first fighter-bomber platform.

Fitted with a two-stage supercharged Merlin XX engine and equipped with under wing bomb racks rated to carry two 250 lb. (112 kg) General Purpose bombs, the " Hurribomber became the staple fighter-bomber in all theatres of war and soldiered on with various engine, armour and armament upgrades until the end of hostilities.

==Game Play==

The Hurricane Mk IIB “Hurribomber” represents the Frist British fighter bomber to enter a Battleground Europe campaign. it is available from tier 1. It also available to the French air force. Like its predecessors it is not very fast and it does not climb very well in comparison to the opposition, which, at the time the Hurribomber debuts, is generally the much better performing Bf 109-F.

Because the Hurricane platform is always well behind the enemy on the speed and power curve, the Hurricane pilot must take this into account and fly so as to maximise his chances – for one on one, any reasonably well-handled Bf 109 has the speed and manoeuvrability to dominate the Hurricane in all aspects but one: turn radius. Knowing this the Hurricane pilot makes sure to arrive with a good head of steam and plenty of altitude to spend before he must use his remaining ace and turn for dear life, fighting in circles as described previously.

The Hurribomber likes all kinds of approaches to the combat area. Go in fast and hard on the deck for rapid attacks at low altitude; fly in teams of four to eight at medium altitude when friendly fighters own the sky; or come in from 12,000 or still higher with the engine on idle to 'bomb and run' when enemy fighters and AA guns are strongly present. For more guidance in this matter, please refer to the [[Close Air Support]] section.

=Hawker Hurricane Mk IIc=

{| class="wikitable floatright"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | [[File:Ac uk hurri 2c.jpg|400px]]
|- style="background:#666600; color:#fff;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | '''Hawker Hurricane Mk IIc'''
|- style="background:#ddb;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | Specifications
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Type''' || Fighter / Bomber
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Armament''' || 4 x 20 mm Cannon, 2 x 500 lb Bombs
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Crew''' || 1 (Pilot)
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Weight''' || 3,220kg
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Top Speed''' || 528km/h 329Mph
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Max G''' || -5 / +10.5
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Armored Glass Windscreen''' || Yes
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Pilot Armor (back/head)''' || Yes/Yes
|}

==History==

The same Universal Wing that was first employed with the Hurricane Mk IIB was also the main feature of the Mk IIC. Both the Mk IIB and Mk IIC were dubbed ”Hurribomber” as a reflection of its newly acquired fighter-bomber role – both variants were rated to carry two 250 lb bombs, later increased to two 500 lb bombs on underwing hardpoints. The distinguishing difference between the IIB and IIC was the latter's main armament, now comprising four 20 mm Hispano cannon. Service use of the Mk IIC began in April 1941, barely three months after the IIB's combat debut.

Some Hawker Hurricane IIBs and IICs carried six, later eight, 3 inch rocket projectiles underwing, after tests starting in February 1942, further improving its capacity for ground attack.

==Game Play==

The Hurricane Mk IIC “Hurribomber” represents the second British fighter bomber to enter a Battleground Europe campaign, arriving in game from tier 2. Like its predecessors it is not very fast and it does not climb very well in comparison to the opposition, which, at the time the Hurribomber debuts, is generally the much better performing Bf 109-F.

Because the Hurricane platform is always well behind the enemy on the speed and power curve, the Hurricane pilot must take this into account and fly so as to maximise his chances – for one on one, any reasonably well-handled Bf 109 has the speed and manoeuvrability to dominate the Hurricane in all aspects but one: turn radius. Knowing this the Hurricane pilot makes sure to arrive with a good head of steam and plenty of altitude to spend before he must use his remaining ace and turn for dear life, fighting in circles as described previously.

While the Hurribomber has the firepower to rip enemy aircraft to shreds at a brief touch of the trigger, and many pilots take delight in using it as a pure fighter, the Hurricane Mk IIC's earns its dues as a competent ground attack platform.

Use the Hurricane IIC in strength to bring an overwhelming amount of bombs and firepower to bear where the need is the greatest. While slow for a fighter it is nevertheless faster than a bomber, and can pick and choose between targets far easier than they – and defend itself against enemy fighters should the need arise.

The Hurribomber likes all kinds of approaches to the combat area. Go in fast and hard on the deck for rapid attacks at low altitude; fly in teams of four to eight at medium altitude when friendly fighters own the sky; or come in from 12,000 or still higher with the engine on idle to 'bomb and run' when enemy fighters and AA guns are strongly present. For more guidance in this matter, please refer to the [[Close Air Support]] section.

=Hawker Hurricane Mk IID=
{| class="wikitable floatright"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | [[File:Hurri 2D.png|400px]]
|- style="background:#666600; color:#fff;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | '''Hawker Hurricane Mk IID'''
|- style="background:#ddb;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | Specifications
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Type''' || Tank Buster
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Armament''' || 2 x 40 mm Vickers S Cannon, 2 x .303 Browning LMG
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Crew''' || 1 (Pilot)
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Weight''' || 3,560kg
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Top Speed''' || 460km/h 285Mph
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Armored Glass Windscreen''' || Yes
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Pilot Armor (back/head)''' || Yes/Yes
|}

==History==
The " "Tank Buster"" was the second ground attack variant of the venerable Hurricane airframe, packing to hard-hitting Vickers-S 40 mm Armor piercing cannons and extra armor plate for the engine and pilot. Using the same
Merlin XX engine as t's MkllC cousin, the weight and drag of the big external guns in addition to the extra armour made the MkllD a little bit slower in top speed and climb than its MkllC predecessor.
The ongoing experimentation with increasingly heavy loadouts and different wing and gun packages gave the Hurricane the punch it needed to to be successful in several useful roles including that against both armour and shipping. This helped keep the rugged but dated airframe viable as a ground attack and close support fighter bomber throughout the latter half of the war. Apart from the first few production machines, all Hurri MkllD's had additional armour to protect pilot, radiator and engine from small-arms fire. Even with its extra armour and big guns, the plane was still susceptible to heavy groundfire and roving fighters, but even so, this sturdy warplane became the scourge of Rommel's armoured units in North Africa.

==Game Play==

 
 
 
 

<hr>

{{Template:Air Units}}

[[Category:Air Units]]

Hurricane

2025-05-07T17:26:03Z

Hatch: /* Hawker Hurricane Mk IIc */

=Hawker Hurricane Mk I=

{| class="wikitable floatright"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | [[File:Ac uk hurri 1.jpg|400px]]
|- style="background:#666600; color:#fff;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | '''Hawker Hurricane Mk I'''
|- style="background:#ddb;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | Specifications
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Type''' || Fighter
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Armament''' || 8 x .303 cal (7.7 mm) Browning machineguns
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Crew''' || 1 (Pilot)
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Weight''' || 2,894kg
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Top Speed''' || 511km/h
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Max G''' || -5 / +10.5
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Armored Glass Windscreen''' || Yes
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Pilot Armor (back/head)''' || No/No
|}

==History==

The Hurricane was the only modern British fighter available in quantity at the beginning of the war. As Britain's first low-wing monoplane fighters design it was a huge leap forward from the biplane era such as embodied by the Gloster Gladiator and the Hawker Fury. Sturdy, reliable and highly maneuverable the Hurricane bore the brunt of fighting during the first months of shooting war in the west, though always overshadowed by the more illustrious Supermarine Spitfire. The Hurricane was however the real victor of the Battle of Britain, equipping three-fifths of the RAF and destroying twice as many aircraft as the Spitfires in the battle.

While the Hurricane I and II were considerably slower than the prevailing German fighter, the Bf-109, and struggled to keep up with both the Bf-110 and the the Ju-88, it managed to hold its own thanks to the benefit of radar assisted ground controlled interception, which gave the Hurricane formations positional advantage necessary to deliver a telling blow.

Inreasingly outclassed and with no hope of improving the airframe to compete on even terms with the Bf-109, the Hurricane was eventually relegated to ground attack missions in which it served with particular distinction over France and North Africa. Later versions of the Hurricane were operational in the Middle and Far East theatres until the end of the war, and, perhaps little known, in Europe until the end of 1944.

==Game Play==

The Hurricane Mk I is the basic RAF fighter plane in the early days of a Battleground Europe campaign. It is not particularly fast and does not climb as well as the more advanced Spitfire Mk I, but it does have some advantages in combat, chiefly in turn radius and diving ability. It is a stable guns platform without serious vices, and less experienced pilots find it easier to score hits with the Hurricane than with the Spitfire because the guns are all grouped evenly together, producing a tight and concentrated shot pattern at convergence range.

The Hurricane pilot, fighting against aircraft that climb better, fly faster and can sustain a dive better, must use his single remaining advantage – turning ability - to the hilt. However, this ace in the sleeve should ideally only be used when all other options have been used up: altitude, surprise, numerical superiority and teamwork. These are powerful force multipliers that the Hurricane pilot must learn to employ.

Because the enemy aircraft are always faster than the Hurricane in a level race, the aggressive Hurricane pilot must entice the enemy to turn and remain within easy grasp, where the Hurricane can utilize lead pursuit to bring his guns to bear. If the enemy does not comply but runs away, the Hurricane must break off pursuit and pretend not to care while preparing to recieve the bandit again, should he turn back for more. And if the bandit climbs away the Hurricane must extend away in the horizontal so as not to be trapped directly below the enemy where he is no more than a target for a diving attack.

On the defensive, the Hurricane pilot must likewise 'fight in circles' and either scare away his opponent or destroy him outright before he can disengage. Adding to his woes, the Hurricane pilot has no more than twelve seconds of uninterrupted fire, and his dogfighting options somewhat curtailed by a less than stellar roll rate. These two problems can be offset by a miser's fire discipline and deft use of snap rolls to increase his roll rate.

As always, going out alone is a certain recipe for disaster. The wise pilot flies in pairs, groups and gaggles, and preferably with a wingman on voice comms.

=Hawker Hurricane Mk IIb=

{| class="wikitable floatright"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | [[File:Ac uk hurri 2b.jpg|400px]]
|- style="background:#666600; color:#fff;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | '''Hawker Hurricane Mk IIb'''
|- style="background:#ddb;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | Specifications
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Type''' || Fighter
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Armament''' || 12x .303 cal (7.7 mm) Browning machineguns
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Crew''' || 1 (Pilot)
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Weight''' || 3,190kg
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Top Speed''' || 533km/h / 331mph.
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Max G''' || -5 / +10.5
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Armored Glass Windscreen''' || Yes
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Pilot Armor (back/head)''' || Yes/Yes
|}

==History==

The Hurricane I was outclassed and all but obsolescent already when first introduced to active service, yet proved to be a sturdy and functional guns platform against enemy bombers and a fully capable ground attack aircraft. Early in the war the RAF realized that the eight rifle caliber machine guns of the Spitfire and Hurricane offered insufficient stopping power, steps were taken to increase the weight of fire by a change of fighter armament policy expressed as the widespread use of 20 mm aircraft cannon instead of the traditional machine gun.

The first measure was the construction of an ”Universal Wing” that would accomodate a variety of armaments and bombs, the second to add another four .303 machineguns to create what was called a ”twelve-gun shotgun”, as a stop-gap increase in firepower until the anticipated 20 mm Hispano cannon was made available in quantity. The most significant improvement was however the Merlin XX engine which increased output from 1,030 to 1,390 hp, giving the Hurricane IIB a much needed increase in speed and acceleration. The same Universal Wing would later carry four 20 mm Hispano cannon and up to 1,000 lb worth of bombs in the Hurricane IIC, and two Vickers Type S 40 mm cannon in the Hurricane IID variant.

Contributing to the Hurricane's fighting ability was its somewhat legendary durability, a result of the old fashioned tubular steel truss fuselage construction covered with a streamlining wooden stringer and fabric fuselage cover, which by this stage of the war made it rather unique but easy to produce construction.

==Game Play==

The Hurricane IIB's increase in firepower comes at a price of more weight and slightly heavier roll inertia, though with a considerably more powerful engine the difference between it and the Mk I is slight. Roll rate is still sluggish, slightly faster than a Mk I the Mk IIB is still far slower than the Luftwaffe's main fighter, and it cannot climb its way out of a tight spot for love or money.

The Hurricane Mk IIB acts much like the Mk I, so the combat advice above applies in full: fight in circles when your other advantages have eroded; fight as a team with time-honoured 'drag-and-bag' tactics; and, whenever possible, let the Hurricanes deal with the bombcarriers and engage in close air support while the better performing fighters deal with matters of air superiority. With its twelve guns and additional ammo, the Hurricane Mk IIB has the wherewithal to be a decent CAS aircraft, although it can only hope to hurt soft targets: trucks, guns and infantry.

=Hawker Hurricane Mk IIb Fighter Bomber=
{| class="wikitable floatright"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | [[File:Hurri 2b FB.png|400px]]
|- style="background:#666600; color:#fff;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | '''Hawker Hurricane Mk IIb Fighter Bomber'''
|- style="background:#ddb;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | Specifications
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Type''' || Fighter/bomber
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Armament''' || 10x .303 cal (7.7 mm) Browning machineguns 2x250lb GP bombs
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Crew''' || 1 (Pilot)
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Weight''' || 3,190kg
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Top Speed''' || 530km/h / 329mph.
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Armored Glass Windscreen''' || Yes
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Pilot Armor (back/head)''' || Yes/Yes
|}
==History==

By spring 1941 as Germany looked to the East after the abortive Battle of Britain, the RAF began to aggressively “lean into" Occupied Europe - with fighter sweeps, bombing raids and general mayhem. Seeking speed, surprise and pinpoint accuracy, the still active but ageing Hurricane Mk II was selected to become the RAF's first fighter-bomber platform.

Fitted with a two-stage supercharged Merlin XX engine and equipped with under wing bomb racks rated to carry two 250 lb. (112 kg) General Purpose bombs, the " Hurribomber became the staple fighter-bomber in all theatres of war and soldiered on with various engine, armour and armament upgrades until the end of hostilities.

==Game Play==

The Hurricane Mk IIB “Hurribomber” represents the Frist British fighter bomber to enter a Battleground Europe campaign. it is available from tier 1. It also available to the French air force. Like its predecessors it is not very fast and it does not climb very well in comparison to the opposition, which, at the time the Hurribomber debuts, is generally the much better performing Bf 109-F.

Because the Hurricane platform is always well behind the enemy on the speed and power curve, the Hurricane pilot must take this into account and fly so as to maximise his chances – for one on one, any reasonably well-handled Bf 109 has the speed and manoeuvrability to dominate the Hurricane in all aspects but one: turn radius. Knowing this the Hurricane pilot makes sure to arrive with a good head of steam and plenty of altitude to spend before he must use his remaining ace and turn for dear life, fighting in circles as described previously.

The Hurribomber likes all kinds of approaches to the combat area. Go in fast and hard on the deck for rapid attacks at low altitude; fly in teams of four to eight at medium altitude when friendly fighters own the sky; or come in from 12,000 or still higher with the engine on idle to 'bomb and run' when enemy fighters and AA guns are strongly present. For more guidance in this matter, please refer to the [[Close Air Support]] section.

=Hawker Hurricane Mk IIc=

{| class="wikitable floatright"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | [[File:Ac uk hurri 2c.jpg|400px]]
|- style="background:#666600; color:#fff;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | '''Hawker Hurricane Mk IIc'''
|- style="background:#ddb;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | Specifications
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Type''' || Fighter / Bomber
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Armament''' || 4 x 20 mm Cannon, 2 x 500 lb Bombs
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Crew''' || 1 (Pilot)
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Weight''' || 3,220kg
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Top Speed''' || 528km/h 329Mph
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Max G''' || -5 / +10.5
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Armored Glass Windscreen''' || Yes
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Pilot Armor (back/head)''' || Yes/Yes
|}

==History==

The same Universal Wing that was first employed with the Hurricane Mk IIB was also the main feature of the Mk IIC. Both the Mk IIB and Mk IIC were dubbed ”Hurribomber” as a reflection of its newly acquired fighter-bomber role – both variants were rated to carry two 250 lb bombs, later increased to two 500 lb bombs on underwing hardpoints. The distinguishing difference between the IIB and IIC was the latter's main armament, now comprising four 20 mm Hispano cannon. Service use of the Mk IIC began in April 1941, barely three months after the IIB's combat debut.

Some Hawker Hurricane IIBs and IICs carried six, later eight, 3 inch rocket projectiles underwing, after tests starting in February 1942, further improving its capacity for ground attack.

==Game Play==

The Hurricane Mk IIC “Hurribomber” represents the second British fighter bomber to enter a Battleground Europe campaign, arriving in game from tier 2. Like its predecessors it is not very fast and it does not climb very well in comparison to the opposition, which, at the time the Hurribomber debuts, is generally the much better performing Bf 109-F.

Because the Hurricane platform is always well behind the enemy on the speed and power curve, the Hurricane pilot must take this into account and fly so as to maximise his chances – for one on one, any reasonably well-handled Bf 109 has the speed and manoeuvrability to dominate the Hurricane in all aspects but one: turn radius. Knowing this the Hurricane pilot makes sure to arrive with a good head of steam and plenty of altitude to spend before he must use his remaining ace and turn for dear life, fighting in circles as described previously.

While the Hurribomber has the firepower to rip enemy aircraft to shreds at a brief touch of the trigger, and many pilots take delight in using it as a pure fighter, the Hurricane Mk IIC's earns its dues as a competent ground attack platform.

Use the Hurricane IIC in strength to bring an overwhelming amount of bombs and firepower to bear where the need is the greatest. While slow for a fighter it is nevertheless faster than a bomber, and can pick and choose between targets far easier than they – and defend itself against enemy fighters should the need arise.

The Hurribomber likes all kinds of approaches to the combat area. Go in fast and hard on the deck for rapid attacks at low altitude; fly in teams of four to eight at medium altitude when friendly fighters own the sky; or come in from 12,000 or still higher with the engine on idle to 'bomb and run' when enemy fighters and AA guns are strongly present. For more guidance in this matter, please refer to the [[Close Air Support]] section.

=Hawker Hurricane Mk IID=
{| class="wikitable floatright"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | [[File:Hurri 2D.png|400px]]
|- style="background:#666600; color:#fff;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | '''Hawker Hurricane Mk IID'''
|- style="background:#ddb;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | Specifications
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Type''' || Tank Buster
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Armament''' || 2 x 40 mm Vickers S Cannon, 2 x .303 Browning LMG
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Crew''' || 1 (Pilot)
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Weight''' || 3,560kg
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Top Speed''' || 460km/h 285Mph
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Armored Glass Windscreen''' || Yes
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Pilot Armor (back/head)''' || Yes/Yes
|}

==History==
The " "Tank Buster"" was the second ground attack variant of the venerable Hurricane airframe, packing to hard-hitting Vickers-S 40 mm Armor piercing cannons and extra armor plate for the engine and pilot. Using the same
Merlin XX engine as t's MkllC cousin, the weight and drag of the big external guns in addition to the extra armour made the MkllD a little bit slower in top speed and climb than its MkllC predecessor.
The ongoing experimentation with increasingly heavy loadouts and different wing and gun packages gave the Hurricane the punch it needed to to be successful in several useful roles including that against both armour and shipping. This helped keep the rugged but dated airframe viable as a ground attack and close support fighter bomber throughout the latter half of the war. Apart from the first few production machines, all Hurri MkllD's had additional armour to protect pilot, radiator and engine from small-arms fire. Even with its extra armour and big guns, the plane was still susceptible to heavy groundfire and roving fighters, but even so, this sturdy warplane became the scourge of Rommel's armoured units in North Africa.

==Game Play==

 
 
 
 

<hr>

{{Template:Air Units}}

[[Category:Air Units]]

Hurricane

2025-05-07T17:25:11Z

Hatch: /* Hawker Hurricane Mk IIb */

=Hawker Hurricane Mk I=

{| class="wikitable floatright"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | [[File:Ac uk hurri 1.jpg|400px]]
|- style="background:#666600; color:#fff;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | '''Hawker Hurricane Mk I'''
|- style="background:#ddb;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | Specifications
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Type''' || Fighter
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Armament''' || 8 x .303 cal (7.7 mm) Browning machineguns
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Crew''' || 1 (Pilot)
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Weight''' || 2,894kg
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Top Speed''' || 511km/h
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Max G''' || -5 / +10.5
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Armored Glass Windscreen''' || Yes
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Pilot Armor (back/head)''' || No/No
|}

==History==

The Hurricane was the only modern British fighter available in quantity at the beginning of the war. As Britain's first low-wing monoplane fighters design it was a huge leap forward from the biplane era such as embodied by the Gloster Gladiator and the Hawker Fury. Sturdy, reliable and highly maneuverable the Hurricane bore the brunt of fighting during the first months of shooting war in the west, though always overshadowed by the more illustrious Supermarine Spitfire. The Hurricane was however the real victor of the Battle of Britain, equipping three-fifths of the RAF and destroying twice as many aircraft as the Spitfires in the battle.

While the Hurricane I and II were considerably slower than the prevailing German fighter, the Bf-109, and struggled to keep up with both the Bf-110 and the the Ju-88, it managed to hold its own thanks to the benefit of radar assisted ground controlled interception, which gave the Hurricane formations positional advantage necessary to deliver a telling blow.

Inreasingly outclassed and with no hope of improving the airframe to compete on even terms with the Bf-109, the Hurricane was eventually relegated to ground attack missions in which it served with particular distinction over France and North Africa. Later versions of the Hurricane were operational in the Middle and Far East theatres until the end of the war, and, perhaps little known, in Europe until the end of 1944.

==Game Play==

The Hurricane Mk I is the basic RAF fighter plane in the early days of a Battleground Europe campaign. It is not particularly fast and does not climb as well as the more advanced Spitfire Mk I, but it does have some advantages in combat, chiefly in turn radius and diving ability. It is a stable guns platform without serious vices, and less experienced pilots find it easier to score hits with the Hurricane than with the Spitfire because the guns are all grouped evenly together, producing a tight and concentrated shot pattern at convergence range.

The Hurricane pilot, fighting against aircraft that climb better, fly faster and can sustain a dive better, must use his single remaining advantage – turning ability - to the hilt. However, this ace in the sleeve should ideally only be used when all other options have been used up: altitude, surprise, numerical superiority and teamwork. These are powerful force multipliers that the Hurricane pilot must learn to employ.

Because the enemy aircraft are always faster than the Hurricane in a level race, the aggressive Hurricane pilot must entice the enemy to turn and remain within easy grasp, where the Hurricane can utilize lead pursuit to bring his guns to bear. If the enemy does not comply but runs away, the Hurricane must break off pursuit and pretend not to care while preparing to recieve the bandit again, should he turn back for more. And if the bandit climbs away the Hurricane must extend away in the horizontal so as not to be trapped directly below the enemy where he is no more than a target for a diving attack.

On the defensive, the Hurricane pilot must likewise 'fight in circles' and either scare away his opponent or destroy him outright before he can disengage. Adding to his woes, the Hurricane pilot has no more than twelve seconds of uninterrupted fire, and his dogfighting options somewhat curtailed by a less than stellar roll rate. These two problems can be offset by a miser's fire discipline and deft use of snap rolls to increase his roll rate.

As always, going out alone is a certain recipe for disaster. The wise pilot flies in pairs, groups and gaggles, and preferably with a wingman on voice comms.

=Hawker Hurricane Mk IIb=

{| class="wikitable floatright"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | [[File:Ac uk hurri 2b.jpg|400px]]
|- style="background:#666600; color:#fff;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | '''Hawker Hurricane Mk IIb'''
|- style="background:#ddb;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | Specifications
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Type''' || Fighter
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Armament''' || 12x .303 cal (7.7 mm) Browning machineguns
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Crew''' || 1 (Pilot)
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Weight''' || 3,190kg
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Top Speed''' || 533km/h / 331mph.
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Max G''' || -5 / +10.5
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Armored Glass Windscreen''' || Yes
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Pilot Armor (back/head)''' || Yes/Yes
|}

==History==

The Hurricane I was outclassed and all but obsolescent already when first introduced to active service, yet proved to be a sturdy and functional guns platform against enemy bombers and a fully capable ground attack aircraft. Early in the war the RAF realized that the eight rifle caliber machine guns of the Spitfire and Hurricane offered insufficient stopping power, steps were taken to increase the weight of fire by a change of fighter armament policy expressed as the widespread use of 20 mm aircraft cannon instead of the traditional machine gun.

The first measure was the construction of an ”Universal Wing” that would accomodate a variety of armaments and bombs, the second to add another four .303 machineguns to create what was called a ”twelve-gun shotgun”, as a stop-gap increase in firepower until the anticipated 20 mm Hispano cannon was made available in quantity. The most significant improvement was however the Merlin XX engine which increased output from 1,030 to 1,390 hp, giving the Hurricane IIB a much needed increase in speed and acceleration. The same Universal Wing would later carry four 20 mm Hispano cannon and up to 1,000 lb worth of bombs in the Hurricane IIC, and two Vickers Type S 40 mm cannon in the Hurricane IID variant.

Contributing to the Hurricane's fighting ability was its somewhat legendary durability, a result of the old fashioned tubular steel truss fuselage construction covered with a streamlining wooden stringer and fabric fuselage cover, which by this stage of the war made it rather unique but easy to produce construction.

==Game Play==

The Hurricane IIB's increase in firepower comes at a price of more weight and slightly heavier roll inertia, though with a considerably more powerful engine the difference between it and the Mk I is slight. Roll rate is still sluggish, slightly faster than a Mk I the Mk IIB is still far slower than the Luftwaffe's main fighter, and it cannot climb its way out of a tight spot for love or money.

The Hurricane Mk IIB acts much like the Mk I, so the combat advice above applies in full: fight in circles when your other advantages have eroded; fight as a team with time-honoured 'drag-and-bag' tactics; and, whenever possible, let the Hurricanes deal with the bombcarriers and engage in close air support while the better performing fighters deal with matters of air superiority. With its twelve guns and additional ammo, the Hurricane Mk IIB has the wherewithal to be a decent CAS aircraft, although it can only hope to hurt soft targets: trucks, guns and infantry.

=Hawker Hurricane Mk IIb Fighter Bomber=
{| class="wikitable floatright"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | [[File:Hurri 2b FB.png|400px]]
|- style="background:#666600; color:#fff;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | '''Hawker Hurricane Mk IIb Fighter Bomber'''
|- style="background:#ddb;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | Specifications
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Type''' || Fighter/bomber
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Armament''' || 10x .303 cal (7.7 mm) Browning machineguns 2x250lb GP bombs
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Crew''' || 1 (Pilot)
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Weight''' || 3,190kg
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Top Speed''' || 530km/h / 329mph.
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Armored Glass Windscreen''' || Yes
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Pilot Armor (back/head)''' || Yes/Yes
|}
==History==

By spring 1941 as Germany looked to the East after the abortive Battle of Britain, the RAF began to aggressively “lean into" Occupied Europe - with fighter sweeps, bombing raids and general mayhem. Seeking speed, surprise and pinpoint accuracy, the still active but ageing Hurricane Mk II was selected to become the RAF's first fighter-bomber platform.

Fitted with a two-stage supercharged Merlin XX engine and equipped with under wing bomb racks rated to carry two 250 lb. (112 kg) General Purpose bombs, the " Hurribomber became the staple fighter-bomber in all theatres of war and soldiered on with various engine, armour and armament upgrades until the end of hostilities.

==Game Play==

The Hurricane Mk IIB “Hurribomber” represents the Frist British fighter bomber to enter a Battleground Europe campaign. it is available from tier 1. It also available to the French air force. Like its predecessors it is not very fast and it does not climb very well in comparison to the opposition, which, at the time the Hurribomber debuts, is generally the much better performing Bf 109-F.

Because the Hurricane platform is always well behind the enemy on the speed and power curve, the Hurricane pilot must take this into account and fly so as to maximise his chances – for one on one, any reasonably well-handled Bf 109 has the speed and manoeuvrability to dominate the Hurricane in all aspects but one: turn radius. Knowing this the Hurricane pilot makes sure to arrive with a good head of steam and plenty of altitude to spend before he must use his remaining ace and turn for dear life, fighting in circles as described previously.

The Hurribomber likes all kinds of approaches to the combat area. Go in fast and hard on the deck for rapid attacks at low altitude; fly in teams of four to eight at medium altitude when friendly fighters own the sky; or come in from 12,000 or still higher with the engine on idle to 'bomb and run' when enemy fighters and AA guns are strongly present. For more guidance in this matter, please refer to the [[Close Air Support]] section.

=Hawker Hurricane Mk IIc=

{| class="wikitable floatright"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | [[File:Ac uk hurri 2c.jpg|400px]]
|- style="background:#666600; color:#fff;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | '''Hawker Hurricane Mk IIc'''
|- style="background:#ddb;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | Specifications
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Type''' || Fighter / Bomber
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Armament''' || 4 x 20 mm Cannon, 2 x 500 lb Bombs
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Crew''' || 1 (Pilot)
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Weight''' || 3,220kg
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Top Speed''' || 528km/h 329Mph
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Armored Glass Windscreen''' || Yes
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Pilot Armor (back/head)''' || Yes/Yes
|}

==History==

The same Universal Wing that was first employed with the Hurricane Mk IIB was also the main feature of the Mk IIC. Both the Mk IIB and Mk IIC were dubbed ”Hurribomber” as a reflection of its newly acquired fighter-bomber role – both variants were rated to carry two 250 lb bombs, later increased to two 500 lb bombs on underwing hardpoints. The distinguishing difference between the IIB and IIC was the latter's main armament, now comprising four 20 mm Hispano cannon. Service use of the Mk IIC began in April 1941, barely three months after the IIB's combat debut.

Some Hawker Hurricane IIBs and IICs carried six, later eight, 3 inch rocket projectiles underwing, after tests starting in February 1942, further improving its capacity for ground attack.

==Game Play==

The Hurricane Mk IIC “Hurribomber” represents the second British fighter bomber to enter a Battleground Europe campaign, arriving in game from tier 2. Like its predecessors it is not very fast and it does not climb very well in comparison to the opposition, which, at the time the Hurribomber debuts, is generally the much better performing Bf 109-F.

Because the Hurricane platform is always well behind the enemy on the speed and power curve, the Hurricane pilot must take this into account and fly so as to maximise his chances – for one on one, any reasonably well-handled Bf 109 has the speed and manoeuvrability to dominate the Hurricane in all aspects but one: turn radius. Knowing this the Hurricane pilot makes sure to arrive with a good head of steam and plenty of altitude to spend before he must use his remaining ace and turn for dear life, fighting in circles as described previously.

While the Hurribomber has the firepower to rip enemy aircraft to shreds at a brief touch of the trigger, and many pilots take delight in using it as a pure fighter, the Hurricane Mk IIC's earns its dues as a competent ground attack platform.

Use the Hurricane IIC in strength to bring an overwhelming amount of bombs and firepower to bear where the need is the greatest. While slow for a fighter it is nevertheless faster than a bomber, and can pick and choose between targets far easier than they – and defend itself against enemy fighters should the need arise.

The Hurribomber likes all kinds of approaches to the combat area. Go in fast and hard on the deck for rapid attacks at low altitude; fly in teams of four to eight at medium altitude when friendly fighters own the sky; or come in from 12,000 or still higher with the engine on idle to 'bomb and run' when enemy fighters and AA guns are strongly present. For more guidance in this matter, please refer to the [[Close Air Support]] section.

=Hawker Hurricane Mk IID=
{| class="wikitable floatright"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | [[File:Hurri 2D.png|400px]]
|- style="background:#666600; color:#fff;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | '''Hawker Hurricane Mk IID'''
|- style="background:#ddb;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | Specifications
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Type''' || Tank Buster
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Armament''' || 2 x 40 mm Vickers S Cannon, 2 x .303 Browning LMG
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Crew''' || 1 (Pilot)
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Weight''' || 3,560kg
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Top Speed''' || 460km/h 285Mph
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Armored Glass Windscreen''' || Yes
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Pilot Armor (back/head)''' || Yes/Yes
|}

==History==
The " "Tank Buster"" was the second ground attack variant of the venerable Hurricane airframe, packing to hard-hitting Vickers-S 40 mm Armor piercing cannons and extra armor plate for the engine and pilot. Using the same
Merlin XX engine as t's MkllC cousin, the weight and drag of the big external guns in addition to the extra armour made the MkllD a little bit slower in top speed and climb than its MkllC predecessor.
The ongoing experimentation with increasingly heavy loadouts and different wing and gun packages gave the Hurricane the punch it needed to to be successful in several useful roles including that against both armour and shipping. This helped keep the rugged but dated airframe viable as a ground attack and close support fighter bomber throughout the latter half of the war. Apart from the first few production machines, all Hurri MkllD's had additional armour to protect pilot, radiator and engine from small-arms fire. Even with its extra armour and big guns, the plane was still susceptible to heavy groundfire and roving fighters, but even so, this sturdy warplane became the scourge of Rommel's armoured units in North Africa.

==Game Play==

 
 
 
 

<hr>

{{Template:Air Units}}

[[Category:Air Units]]

Hurricane

2025-05-07T17:24:43Z

Hatch: /* Hawker Hurricane Mk I */

=Hawker Hurricane Mk I=

{| class="wikitable floatright"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | [[File:Ac uk hurri 1.jpg|400px]]
|- style="background:#666600; color:#fff;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | '''Hawker Hurricane Mk I'''
|- style="background:#ddb;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | Specifications
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Type''' || Fighter
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Armament''' || 8 x .303 cal (7.7 mm) Browning machineguns
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Crew''' || 1 (Pilot)
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Weight''' || 2,894kg
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Top Speed''' || 511km/h
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Max G''' || -5 / +10.5
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Armored Glass Windscreen''' || Yes
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Pilot Armor (back/head)''' || No/No
|}

==History==

The Hurricane was the only modern British fighter available in quantity at the beginning of the war. As Britain's first low-wing monoplane fighters design it was a huge leap forward from the biplane era such as embodied by the Gloster Gladiator and the Hawker Fury. Sturdy, reliable and highly maneuverable the Hurricane bore the brunt of fighting during the first months of shooting war in the west, though always overshadowed by the more illustrious Supermarine Spitfire. The Hurricane was however the real victor of the Battle of Britain, equipping three-fifths of the RAF and destroying twice as many aircraft as the Spitfires in the battle.

While the Hurricane I and II were considerably slower than the prevailing German fighter, the Bf-109, and struggled to keep up with both the Bf-110 and the the Ju-88, it managed to hold its own thanks to the benefit of radar assisted ground controlled interception, which gave the Hurricane formations positional advantage necessary to deliver a telling blow.

Inreasingly outclassed and with no hope of improving the airframe to compete on even terms with the Bf-109, the Hurricane was eventually relegated to ground attack missions in which it served with particular distinction over France and North Africa. Later versions of the Hurricane were operational in the Middle and Far East theatres until the end of the war, and, perhaps little known, in Europe until the end of 1944.

==Game Play==

The Hurricane Mk I is the basic RAF fighter plane in the early days of a Battleground Europe campaign. It is not particularly fast and does not climb as well as the more advanced Spitfire Mk I, but it does have some advantages in combat, chiefly in turn radius and diving ability. It is a stable guns platform without serious vices, and less experienced pilots find it easier to score hits with the Hurricane than with the Spitfire because the guns are all grouped evenly together, producing a tight and concentrated shot pattern at convergence range.

The Hurricane pilot, fighting against aircraft that climb better, fly faster and can sustain a dive better, must use his single remaining advantage – turning ability - to the hilt. However, this ace in the sleeve should ideally only be used when all other options have been used up: altitude, surprise, numerical superiority and teamwork. These are powerful force multipliers that the Hurricane pilot must learn to employ.

Because the enemy aircraft are always faster than the Hurricane in a level race, the aggressive Hurricane pilot must entice the enemy to turn and remain within easy grasp, where the Hurricane can utilize lead pursuit to bring his guns to bear. If the enemy does not comply but runs away, the Hurricane must break off pursuit and pretend not to care while preparing to recieve the bandit again, should he turn back for more. And if the bandit climbs away the Hurricane must extend away in the horizontal so as not to be trapped directly below the enemy where he is no more than a target for a diving attack.

On the defensive, the Hurricane pilot must likewise 'fight in circles' and either scare away his opponent or destroy him outright before he can disengage. Adding to his woes, the Hurricane pilot has no more than twelve seconds of uninterrupted fire, and his dogfighting options somewhat curtailed by a less than stellar roll rate. These two problems can be offset by a miser's fire discipline and deft use of snap rolls to increase his roll rate.

As always, going out alone is a certain recipe for disaster. The wise pilot flies in pairs, groups and gaggles, and preferably with a wingman on voice comms.

=Hawker Hurricane Mk IIb=

{| class="wikitable floatright"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | [[File:Ac uk hurri 2b.jpg|400px]]
|- style="background:#666600; color:#fff;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | '''Hawker Hurricane Mk IIb'''
|- style="background:#ddb;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | Specifications
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Type''' || Fighter
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Armament''' || 12x .303 cal (7.7 mm) Browning machineguns
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Crew''' || 1 (Pilot)
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Weight''' || 3,190kg
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Top Speed''' || 533km/h / 331mph.
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Max G''' || -5 / +11
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Armored Glass Windscreen''' || Yes
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Pilot Armor (back/head)''' || Yes/Yes
|}

==History==

The Hurricane I was outclassed and all but obsolescent already when first introduced to active service, yet proved to be a sturdy and functional guns platform against enemy bombers and a fully capable ground attack aircraft. Early in the war the RAF realized that the eight rifle caliber machine guns of the Spitfire and Hurricane offered insufficient stopping power, steps were taken to increase the weight of fire by a change of fighter armament policy expressed as the widespread use of 20 mm aircraft cannon instead of the traditional machine gun.

The first measure was the construction of an ”Universal Wing” that would accomodate a variety of armaments and bombs, the second to add another four .303 machineguns to create what was called a ”twelve-gun shotgun”, as a stop-gap increase in firepower until the anticipated 20 mm Hispano cannon was made available in quantity. The most significant improvement was however the Merlin XX engine which increased output from 1,030 to 1,390 hp, giving the Hurricane IIB a much needed increase in speed and acceleration. The same Universal Wing would later carry four 20 mm Hispano cannon and up to 1,000 lb worth of bombs in the Hurricane IIC, and two Vickers Type S 40 mm cannon in the Hurricane IID variant.

Contributing to the Hurricane's fighting ability was its somewhat legendary durability, a result of the old fashioned tubular steel truss fuselage construction covered with a streamlining wooden stringer and fabric fuselage cover, which by this stage of the war made it rather unique but easy to produce construction.

==Game Play==

The Hurricane IIB's increase in firepower comes at a price of more weight and slightly heavier roll inertia, though with a considerably more powerful engine the difference between it and the Mk I is slight. Roll rate is still sluggish, slightly faster than a Mk I the Mk IIB is still far slower than the Luftwaffe's main fighter, and it cannot climb its way out of a tight spot for love or money.

The Hurricane Mk IIB acts much like the Mk I, so the combat advice above applies in full: fight in circles when your other advantages have eroded; fight as a team with time-honoured 'drag-and-bag' tactics; and, whenever possible, let the Hurricanes deal with the bombcarriers and engage in close air support while the better performing fighters deal with matters of air superiority. With its twelve guns and additional ammo, the Hurricane Mk IIB has the wherewithal to be a decent CAS aircraft, although it can only hope to hurt soft targets: trucks, guns and infantry.

=Hawker Hurricane Mk IIb Fighter Bomber=
{| class="wikitable floatright"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | [[File:Hurri 2b FB.png|400px]]
|- style="background:#666600; color:#fff;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | '''Hawker Hurricane Mk IIb Fighter Bomber'''
|- style="background:#ddb;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | Specifications
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Type''' || Fighter/bomber
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Armament''' || 10x .303 cal (7.7 mm) Browning machineguns 2x250lb GP bombs
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Crew''' || 1 (Pilot)
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Weight''' || 3,190kg
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Top Speed''' || 530km/h / 329mph.
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Armored Glass Windscreen''' || Yes
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Pilot Armor (back/head)''' || Yes/Yes
|}
==History==

By spring 1941 as Germany looked to the East after the abortive Battle of Britain, the RAF began to aggressively “lean into" Occupied Europe - with fighter sweeps, bombing raids and general mayhem. Seeking speed, surprise and pinpoint accuracy, the still active but ageing Hurricane Mk II was selected to become the RAF's first fighter-bomber platform.

Fitted with a two-stage supercharged Merlin XX engine and equipped with under wing bomb racks rated to carry two 250 lb. (112 kg) General Purpose bombs, the " Hurribomber became the staple fighter-bomber in all theatres of war and soldiered on with various engine, armour and armament upgrades until the end of hostilities.

==Game Play==

The Hurricane Mk IIB “Hurribomber” represents the Frist British fighter bomber to enter a Battleground Europe campaign. it is available from tier 1. It also available to the French air force. Like its predecessors it is not very fast and it does not climb very well in comparison to the opposition, which, at the time the Hurribomber debuts, is generally the much better performing Bf 109-F.

Because the Hurricane platform is always well behind the enemy on the speed and power curve, the Hurricane pilot must take this into account and fly so as to maximise his chances – for one on one, any reasonably well-handled Bf 109 has the speed and manoeuvrability to dominate the Hurricane in all aspects but one: turn radius. Knowing this the Hurricane pilot makes sure to arrive with a good head of steam and plenty of altitude to spend before he must use his remaining ace and turn for dear life, fighting in circles as described previously.

The Hurribomber likes all kinds of approaches to the combat area. Go in fast and hard on the deck for rapid attacks at low altitude; fly in teams of four to eight at medium altitude when friendly fighters own the sky; or come in from 12,000 or still higher with the engine on idle to 'bomb and run' when enemy fighters and AA guns are strongly present. For more guidance in this matter, please refer to the [[Close Air Support]] section.

=Hawker Hurricane Mk IIc=

{| class="wikitable floatright"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | [[File:Ac uk hurri 2c.jpg|400px]]
|- style="background:#666600; color:#fff;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | '''Hawker Hurricane Mk IIc'''
|- style="background:#ddb;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | Specifications
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Type''' || Fighter / Bomber
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Armament''' || 4 x 20 mm Cannon, 2 x 500 lb Bombs
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Crew''' || 1 (Pilot)
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Weight''' || 3,220kg
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Top Speed''' || 528km/h 329Mph
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Armored Glass Windscreen''' || Yes
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Pilot Armor (back/head)''' || Yes/Yes
|}

==History==

The same Universal Wing that was first employed with the Hurricane Mk IIB was also the main feature of the Mk IIC. Both the Mk IIB and Mk IIC were dubbed ”Hurribomber” as a reflection of its newly acquired fighter-bomber role – both variants were rated to carry two 250 lb bombs, later increased to two 500 lb bombs on underwing hardpoints. The distinguishing difference between the IIB and IIC was the latter's main armament, now comprising four 20 mm Hispano cannon. Service use of the Mk IIC began in April 1941, barely three months after the IIB's combat debut.

Some Hawker Hurricane IIBs and IICs carried six, later eight, 3 inch rocket projectiles underwing, after tests starting in February 1942, further improving its capacity for ground attack.

==Game Play==

The Hurricane Mk IIC “Hurribomber” represents the second British fighter bomber to enter a Battleground Europe campaign, arriving in game from tier 2. Like its predecessors it is not very fast and it does not climb very well in comparison to the opposition, which, at the time the Hurribomber debuts, is generally the much better performing Bf 109-F.

Because the Hurricane platform is always well behind the enemy on the speed and power curve, the Hurricane pilot must take this into account and fly so as to maximise his chances – for one on one, any reasonably well-handled Bf 109 has the speed and manoeuvrability to dominate the Hurricane in all aspects but one: turn radius. Knowing this the Hurricane pilot makes sure to arrive with a good head of steam and plenty of altitude to spend before he must use his remaining ace and turn for dear life, fighting in circles as described previously.

While the Hurribomber has the firepower to rip enemy aircraft to shreds at a brief touch of the trigger, and many pilots take delight in using it as a pure fighter, the Hurricane Mk IIC's earns its dues as a competent ground attack platform.

Use the Hurricane IIC in strength to bring an overwhelming amount of bombs and firepower to bear where the need is the greatest. While slow for a fighter it is nevertheless faster than a bomber, and can pick and choose between targets far easier than they – and defend itself against enemy fighters should the need arise.

The Hurribomber likes all kinds of approaches to the combat area. Go in fast and hard on the deck for rapid attacks at low altitude; fly in teams of four to eight at medium altitude when friendly fighters own the sky; or come in from 12,000 or still higher with the engine on idle to 'bomb and run' when enemy fighters and AA guns are strongly present. For more guidance in this matter, please refer to the [[Close Air Support]] section.

=Hawker Hurricane Mk IID=
{| class="wikitable floatright"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | [[File:Hurri 2D.png|400px]]
|- style="background:#666600; color:#fff;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | '''Hawker Hurricane Mk IID'''
|- style="background:#ddb;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | Specifications
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Type''' || Tank Buster
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Armament''' || 2 x 40 mm Vickers S Cannon, 2 x .303 Browning LMG
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Crew''' || 1 (Pilot)
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Weight''' || 3,560kg
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Top Speed''' || 460km/h 285Mph
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Armored Glass Windscreen''' || Yes
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Pilot Armor (back/head)''' || Yes/Yes
|}

==History==
The " "Tank Buster"" was the second ground attack variant of the venerable Hurricane airframe, packing to hard-hitting Vickers-S 40 mm Armor piercing cannons and extra armor plate for the engine and pilot. Using the same
Merlin XX engine as t's MkllC cousin, the weight and drag of the big external guns in addition to the extra armour made the MkllD a little bit slower in top speed and climb than its MkllC predecessor.
The ongoing experimentation with increasingly heavy loadouts and different wing and gun packages gave the Hurricane the punch it needed to to be successful in several useful roles including that against both armour and shipping. This helped keep the rugged but dated airframe viable as a ground attack and close support fighter bomber throughout the latter half of the war. Apart from the first few production machines, all Hurri MkllD's had additional armour to protect pilot, radiator and engine from small-arms fire. Even with its extra armour and big guns, the plane was still susceptible to heavy groundfire and roving fighters, but even so, this sturdy warplane became the scourge of Rommel's armoured units in North Africa.

==Game Play==

 
 
 
 

<hr>

{{Template:Air Units}}

[[Category:Air Units]]

Hurricane

2025-05-07T17:23:49Z

Hatch: /* Hawker Hurricane Mk I */

=Hawker Hurricane Mk I=

{| class="wikitable floatright"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | [[File:Ac uk hurri 1.jpg|400px]]
|- style="background:#666600; color:#fff;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | '''Hawker Hurricane Mk I'''
|- style="background:#ddb;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | Specifications
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Type''' || Fighter
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Armament''' || 8 x .303 cal (7.7 mm) Browning machineguns
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Crew''' || 1 (Pilot)
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Weight''' || 2,894kg
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Top Speed''' || 511km/h
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Max G''' || -5/+10.5
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Armored Glass Windscreen''' || Yes
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Pilot Armor (back/head)''' || No/No
|}

==History==

The Hurricane was the only modern British fighter available in quantity at the beginning of the war. As Britain's first low-wing monoplane fighters design it was a huge leap forward from the biplane era such as embodied by the Gloster Gladiator and the Hawker Fury. Sturdy, reliable and highly maneuverable the Hurricane bore the brunt of fighting during the first months of shooting war in the west, though always overshadowed by the more illustrious Supermarine Spitfire. The Hurricane was however the real victor of the Battle of Britain, equipping three-fifths of the RAF and destroying twice as many aircraft as the Spitfires in the battle.

While the Hurricane I and II were considerably slower than the prevailing German fighter, the Bf-109, and struggled to keep up with both the Bf-110 and the the Ju-88, it managed to hold its own thanks to the benefit of radar assisted ground controlled interception, which gave the Hurricane formations positional advantage necessary to deliver a telling blow.

Inreasingly outclassed and with no hope of improving the airframe to compete on even terms with the Bf-109, the Hurricane was eventually relegated to ground attack missions in which it served with particular distinction over France and North Africa. Later versions of the Hurricane were operational in the Middle and Far East theatres until the end of the war, and, perhaps little known, in Europe until the end of 1944.

==Game Play==

The Hurricane Mk I is the basic RAF fighter plane in the early days of a Battleground Europe campaign. It is not particularly fast and does not climb as well as the more advanced Spitfire Mk I, but it does have some advantages in combat, chiefly in turn radius and diving ability. It is a stable guns platform without serious vices, and less experienced pilots find it easier to score hits with the Hurricane than with the Spitfire because the guns are all grouped evenly together, producing a tight and concentrated shot pattern at convergence range.

The Hurricane pilot, fighting against aircraft that climb better, fly faster and can sustain a dive better, must use his single remaining advantage – turning ability - to the hilt. However, this ace in the sleeve should ideally only be used when all other options have been used up: altitude, surprise, numerical superiority and teamwork. These are powerful force multipliers that the Hurricane pilot must learn to employ.

Because the enemy aircraft are always faster than the Hurricane in a level race, the aggressive Hurricane pilot must entice the enemy to turn and remain within easy grasp, where the Hurricane can utilize lead pursuit to bring his guns to bear. If the enemy does not comply but runs away, the Hurricane must break off pursuit and pretend not to care while preparing to recieve the bandit again, should he turn back for more. And if the bandit climbs away the Hurricane must extend away in the horizontal so as not to be trapped directly below the enemy where he is no more than a target for a diving attack.

On the defensive, the Hurricane pilot must likewise 'fight in circles' and either scare away his opponent or destroy him outright before he can disengage. Adding to his woes, the Hurricane pilot has no more than twelve seconds of uninterrupted fire, and his dogfighting options somewhat curtailed by a less than stellar roll rate. These two problems can be offset by a miser's fire discipline and deft use of snap rolls to increase his roll rate.

As always, going out alone is a certain recipe for disaster. The wise pilot flies in pairs, groups and gaggles, and preferably with a wingman on voice comms.

=Hawker Hurricane Mk IIb=

{| class="wikitable floatright"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | [[File:Ac uk hurri 2b.jpg|400px]]
|- style="background:#666600; color:#fff;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | '''Hawker Hurricane Mk IIb'''
|- style="background:#ddb;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | Specifications
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Type''' || Fighter
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Armament''' || 12x .303 cal (7.7 mm) Browning machineguns
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Crew''' || 1 (Pilot)
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Weight''' || 3,190kg
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Top Speed''' || 533km/h / 331mph.
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Max G''' || -5 / +11
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Armored Glass Windscreen''' || Yes
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Pilot Armor (back/head)''' || Yes/Yes
|}

==History==

The Hurricane I was outclassed and all but obsolescent already when first introduced to active service, yet proved to be a sturdy and functional guns platform against enemy bombers and a fully capable ground attack aircraft. Early in the war the RAF realized that the eight rifle caliber machine guns of the Spitfire and Hurricane offered insufficient stopping power, steps were taken to increase the weight of fire by a change of fighter armament policy expressed as the widespread use of 20 mm aircraft cannon instead of the traditional machine gun.

The first measure was the construction of an ”Universal Wing” that would accomodate a variety of armaments and bombs, the second to add another four .303 machineguns to create what was called a ”twelve-gun shotgun”, as a stop-gap increase in firepower until the anticipated 20 mm Hispano cannon was made available in quantity. The most significant improvement was however the Merlin XX engine which increased output from 1,030 to 1,390 hp, giving the Hurricane IIB a much needed increase in speed and acceleration. The same Universal Wing would later carry four 20 mm Hispano cannon and up to 1,000 lb worth of bombs in the Hurricane IIC, and two Vickers Type S 40 mm cannon in the Hurricane IID variant.

Contributing to the Hurricane's fighting ability was its somewhat legendary durability, a result of the old fashioned tubular steel truss fuselage construction covered with a streamlining wooden stringer and fabric fuselage cover, which by this stage of the war made it rather unique but easy to produce construction.

==Game Play==

The Hurricane IIB's increase in firepower comes at a price of more weight and slightly heavier roll inertia, though with a considerably more powerful engine the difference between it and the Mk I is slight. Roll rate is still sluggish, slightly faster than a Mk I the Mk IIB is still far slower than the Luftwaffe's main fighter, and it cannot climb its way out of a tight spot for love or money.

The Hurricane Mk IIB acts much like the Mk I, so the combat advice above applies in full: fight in circles when your other advantages have eroded; fight as a team with time-honoured 'drag-and-bag' tactics; and, whenever possible, let the Hurricanes deal with the bombcarriers and engage in close air support while the better performing fighters deal with matters of air superiority. With its twelve guns and additional ammo, the Hurricane Mk IIB has the wherewithal to be a decent CAS aircraft, although it can only hope to hurt soft targets: trucks, guns and infantry.

=Hawker Hurricane Mk IIb Fighter Bomber=
{| class="wikitable floatright"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | [[File:Hurri 2b FB.png|400px]]
|- style="background:#666600; color:#fff;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | '''Hawker Hurricane Mk IIb Fighter Bomber'''
|- style="background:#ddb;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | Specifications
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Type''' || Fighter/bomber
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Armament''' || 10x .303 cal (7.7 mm) Browning machineguns 2x250lb GP bombs
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Crew''' || 1 (Pilot)
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Weight''' || 3,190kg
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Top Speed''' || 530km/h / 329mph.
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Armored Glass Windscreen''' || Yes
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Pilot Armor (back/head)''' || Yes/Yes
|}
==History==

By spring 1941 as Germany looked to the East after the abortive Battle of Britain, the RAF began to aggressively “lean into" Occupied Europe - with fighter sweeps, bombing raids and general mayhem. Seeking speed, surprise and pinpoint accuracy, the still active but ageing Hurricane Mk II was selected to become the RAF's first fighter-bomber platform.

Fitted with a two-stage supercharged Merlin XX engine and equipped with under wing bomb racks rated to carry two 250 lb. (112 kg) General Purpose bombs, the " Hurribomber became the staple fighter-bomber in all theatres of war and soldiered on with various engine, armour and armament upgrades until the end of hostilities.

==Game Play==

The Hurricane Mk IIB “Hurribomber” represents the Frist British fighter bomber to enter a Battleground Europe campaign. it is available from tier 1. It also available to the French air force. Like its predecessors it is not very fast and it does not climb very well in comparison to the opposition, which, at the time the Hurribomber debuts, is generally the much better performing Bf 109-F.

Because the Hurricane platform is always well behind the enemy on the speed and power curve, the Hurricane pilot must take this into account and fly so as to maximise his chances – for one on one, any reasonably well-handled Bf 109 has the speed and manoeuvrability to dominate the Hurricane in all aspects but one: turn radius. Knowing this the Hurricane pilot makes sure to arrive with a good head of steam and plenty of altitude to spend before he must use his remaining ace and turn for dear life, fighting in circles as described previously.

The Hurribomber likes all kinds of approaches to the combat area. Go in fast and hard on the deck for rapid attacks at low altitude; fly in teams of four to eight at medium altitude when friendly fighters own the sky; or come in from 12,000 or still higher with the engine on idle to 'bomb and run' when enemy fighters and AA guns are strongly present. For more guidance in this matter, please refer to the [[Close Air Support]] section.

=Hawker Hurricane Mk IIc=

{| class="wikitable floatright"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | [[File:Ac uk hurri 2c.jpg|400px]]
|- style="background:#666600; color:#fff;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | '''Hawker Hurricane Mk IIc'''
|- style="background:#ddb;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | Specifications
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Type''' || Fighter / Bomber
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Armament''' || 4 x 20 mm Cannon, 2 x 500 lb Bombs
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Crew''' || 1 (Pilot)
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Weight''' || 3,220kg
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Top Speed''' || 528km/h 329Mph
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Armored Glass Windscreen''' || Yes
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Pilot Armor (back/head)''' || Yes/Yes
|}

==History==

The same Universal Wing that was first employed with the Hurricane Mk IIB was also the main feature of the Mk IIC. Both the Mk IIB and Mk IIC were dubbed ”Hurribomber” as a reflection of its newly acquired fighter-bomber role – both variants were rated to carry two 250 lb bombs, later increased to two 500 lb bombs on underwing hardpoints. The distinguishing difference between the IIB and IIC was the latter's main armament, now comprising four 20 mm Hispano cannon. Service use of the Mk IIC began in April 1941, barely three months after the IIB's combat debut.

Some Hawker Hurricane IIBs and IICs carried six, later eight, 3 inch rocket projectiles underwing, after tests starting in February 1942, further improving its capacity for ground attack.

==Game Play==

The Hurricane Mk IIC “Hurribomber” represents the second British fighter bomber to enter a Battleground Europe campaign, arriving in game from tier 2. Like its predecessors it is not very fast and it does not climb very well in comparison to the opposition, which, at the time the Hurribomber debuts, is generally the much better performing Bf 109-F.

Because the Hurricane platform is always well behind the enemy on the speed and power curve, the Hurricane pilot must take this into account and fly so as to maximise his chances – for one on one, any reasonably well-handled Bf 109 has the speed and manoeuvrability to dominate the Hurricane in all aspects but one: turn radius. Knowing this the Hurricane pilot makes sure to arrive with a good head of steam and plenty of altitude to spend before he must use his remaining ace and turn for dear life, fighting in circles as described previously.

While the Hurribomber has the firepower to rip enemy aircraft to shreds at a brief touch of the trigger, and many pilots take delight in using it as a pure fighter, the Hurricane Mk IIC's earns its dues as a competent ground attack platform.

Use the Hurricane IIC in strength to bring an overwhelming amount of bombs and firepower to bear where the need is the greatest. While slow for a fighter it is nevertheless faster than a bomber, and can pick and choose between targets far easier than they – and defend itself against enemy fighters should the need arise.

The Hurribomber likes all kinds of approaches to the combat area. Go in fast and hard on the deck for rapid attacks at low altitude; fly in teams of four to eight at medium altitude when friendly fighters own the sky; or come in from 12,000 or still higher with the engine on idle to 'bomb and run' when enemy fighters and AA guns are strongly present. For more guidance in this matter, please refer to the [[Close Air Support]] section.

=Hawker Hurricane Mk IID=
{| class="wikitable floatright"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | [[File:Hurri 2D.png|400px]]
|- style="background:#666600; color:#fff;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | '''Hawker Hurricane Mk IID'''
|- style="background:#ddb;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | Specifications
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Type''' || Tank Buster
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Armament''' || 2 x 40 mm Vickers S Cannon, 2 x .303 Browning LMG
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Crew''' || 1 (Pilot)
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Weight''' || 3,560kg
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Top Speed''' || 460km/h 285Mph
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Armored Glass Windscreen''' || Yes
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Pilot Armor (back/head)''' || Yes/Yes
|}

==History==
The " "Tank Buster"" was the second ground attack variant of the venerable Hurricane airframe, packing to hard-hitting Vickers-S 40 mm Armor piercing cannons and extra armor plate for the engine and pilot. Using the same
Merlin XX engine as t's MkllC cousin, the weight and drag of the big external guns in addition to the extra armour made the MkllD a little bit slower in top speed and climb than its MkllC predecessor.
The ongoing experimentation with increasingly heavy loadouts and different wing and gun packages gave the Hurricane the punch it needed to to be successful in several useful roles including that against both armour and shipping. This helped keep the rugged but dated airframe viable as a ground attack and close support fighter bomber throughout the latter half of the war. Apart from the first few production machines, all Hurri MkllD's had additional armour to protect pilot, radiator and engine from small-arms fire. Even with its extra armour and big guns, the plane was still susceptible to heavy groundfire and roving fighters, but even so, this sturdy warplane became the scourge of Rommel's armoured units in North Africa.

==Game Play==

 
 
 
 

<hr>

{{Template:Air Units}}

[[Category:Air Units]]

Hurricane

2025-05-07T17:22:00Z

Hatch: /* Hawker Hurricane Mk IIb */

=Hawker Hurricane Mk I=

{| class="wikitable floatright"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | [[File:Ac uk hurri 1.jpg|400px]]
|- style="background:#666600; color:#fff;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | '''Hawker Hurricane Mk I'''
|- style="background:#ddb;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | Specifications
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Type''' || Fighter
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Armament''' || 8 x .303 cal (7.7 mm) Browning machineguns
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Crew''' || 1 (Pilot)
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Weight''' || 2,894kg
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Top Speed''' || 511km/h
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Armored Glass Windscreen''' || Yes
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Pilot Armor (back/head)''' || No/No
|}

==History==

The Hurricane was the only modern British fighter available in quantity at the beginning of the war. As Britain's first low-wing monoplane fighters design it was a huge leap forward from the biplane era such as embodied by the Gloster Gladiator and the Hawker Fury. Sturdy, reliable and highly maneuverable the Hurricane bore the brunt of fighting during the first months of shooting war in the west, though always overshadowed by the more illustrious Supermarine Spitfire. The Hurricane was however the real victor of the Battle of Britain, equipping three-fifths of the RAF and destroying twice as many aircraft as the Spitfires in the battle.

While the Hurricane I and II were considerably slower than the prevailing German fighter, the Bf-109, and struggled to keep up with both the Bf-110 and the the Ju-88, it managed to hold its own thanks to the benefit of radar assisted ground controlled interception, which gave the Hurricane formations positional advantage necessary to deliver a telling blow.

Inreasingly outclassed and with no hope of improving the airframe to compete on even terms with the Bf-109, the Hurricane was eventually relegated to ground attack missions in which it served with particular distinction over France and North Africa. Later versions of the Hurricane were operational in the Middle and Far East theatres until the end of the war, and, perhaps little known, in Europe until the end of 1944.

==Game Play==

The Hurricane Mk I is the basic RAF fighter plane in the early days of a Battleground Europe campaign. It is not particularly fast and does not climb as well as the more advanced Spitfire Mk I, but it does have some advantages in combat, chiefly in turn radius and diving ability. It is a stable guns platform without serious vices, and less experienced pilots find it easier to score hits with the Hurricane than with the Spitfire because the guns are all grouped evenly together, producing a tight and concentrated shot pattern at convergence range.

The Hurricane pilot, fighting against aircraft that climb better, fly faster and can sustain a dive better, must use his single remaining advantage – turning ability - to the hilt. However, this ace in the sleeve should ideally only be used when all other options have been used up: altitude, surprise, numerical superiority and teamwork. These are powerful force multipliers that the Hurricane pilot must learn to employ.

Because the enemy aircraft are always faster than the Hurricane in a level race, the aggressive Hurricane pilot must entice the enemy to turn and remain within easy grasp, where the Hurricane can utilize lead pursuit to bring his guns to bear. If the enemy does not comply but runs away, the Hurricane must break off pursuit and pretend not to care while preparing to recieve the bandit again, should he turn back for more. And if the bandit climbs away the Hurricane must extend away in the horizontal so as not to be trapped directly below the enemy where he is no more than a target for a diving attack.

On the defensive, the Hurricane pilot must likewise 'fight in circles' and either scare away his opponent or destroy him outright before he can disengage. Adding to his woes, the Hurricane pilot has no more than twelve seconds of uninterrupted fire, and his dogfighting options somewhat curtailed by a less than stellar roll rate. These two problems can be offset by a miser's fire discipline and deft use of snap rolls to increase his roll rate.

As always, going out alone is a certain recipe for disaster. The wise pilot flies in pairs, groups and gaggles, and preferably with a wingman on voice comms.

=Hawker Hurricane Mk IIb=

{| class="wikitable floatright"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | [[File:Ac uk hurri 2b.jpg|400px]]
|- style="background:#666600; color:#fff;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | '''Hawker Hurricane Mk IIb'''
|- style="background:#ddb;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | Specifications
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Type''' || Fighter
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Armament''' || 12x .303 cal (7.7 mm) Browning machineguns
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Crew''' || 1 (Pilot)
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Weight''' || 3,190kg
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Top Speed''' || 533km/h / 331mph.
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Max G''' || -5 / +11
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Armored Glass Windscreen''' || Yes
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Pilot Armor (back/head)''' || Yes/Yes
|}

==History==

The Hurricane I was outclassed and all but obsolescent already when first introduced to active service, yet proved to be a sturdy and functional guns platform against enemy bombers and a fully capable ground attack aircraft. Early in the war the RAF realized that the eight rifle caliber machine guns of the Spitfire and Hurricane offered insufficient stopping power, steps were taken to increase the weight of fire by a change of fighter armament policy expressed as the widespread use of 20 mm aircraft cannon instead of the traditional machine gun.

The first measure was the construction of an ”Universal Wing” that would accomodate a variety of armaments and bombs, the second to add another four .303 machineguns to create what was called a ”twelve-gun shotgun”, as a stop-gap increase in firepower until the anticipated 20 mm Hispano cannon was made available in quantity. The most significant improvement was however the Merlin XX engine which increased output from 1,030 to 1,390 hp, giving the Hurricane IIB a much needed increase in speed and acceleration. The same Universal Wing would later carry four 20 mm Hispano cannon and up to 1,000 lb worth of bombs in the Hurricane IIC, and two Vickers Type S 40 mm cannon in the Hurricane IID variant.

Contributing to the Hurricane's fighting ability was its somewhat legendary durability, a result of the old fashioned tubular steel truss fuselage construction covered with a streamlining wooden stringer and fabric fuselage cover, which by this stage of the war made it rather unique but easy to produce construction.

==Game Play==

The Hurricane IIB's increase in firepower comes at a price of more weight and slightly heavier roll inertia, though with a considerably more powerful engine the difference between it and the Mk I is slight. Roll rate is still sluggish, slightly faster than a Mk I the Mk IIB is still far slower than the Luftwaffe's main fighter, and it cannot climb its way out of a tight spot for love or money.

The Hurricane Mk IIB acts much like the Mk I, so the combat advice above applies in full: fight in circles when your other advantages have eroded; fight as a team with time-honoured 'drag-and-bag' tactics; and, whenever possible, let the Hurricanes deal with the bombcarriers and engage in close air support while the better performing fighters deal with matters of air superiority. With its twelve guns and additional ammo, the Hurricane Mk IIB has the wherewithal to be a decent CAS aircraft, although it can only hope to hurt soft targets: trucks, guns and infantry.

=Hawker Hurricane Mk IIb Fighter Bomber=
{| class="wikitable floatright"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | [[File:Hurri 2b FB.png|400px]]
|- style="background:#666600; color:#fff;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | '''Hawker Hurricane Mk IIb Fighter Bomber'''
|- style="background:#ddb;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | Specifications
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Type''' || Fighter/bomber
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Armament''' || 10x .303 cal (7.7 mm) Browning machineguns 2x250lb GP bombs
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Crew''' || 1 (Pilot)
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Weight''' || 3,190kg
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Top Speed''' || 530km/h / 329mph.
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Armored Glass Windscreen''' || Yes
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Pilot Armor (back/head)''' || Yes/Yes
|}
==History==

By spring 1941 as Germany looked to the East after the abortive Battle of Britain, the RAF began to aggressively “lean into" Occupied Europe - with fighter sweeps, bombing raids and general mayhem. Seeking speed, surprise and pinpoint accuracy, the still active but ageing Hurricane Mk II was selected to become the RAF's first fighter-bomber platform.

Fitted with a two-stage supercharged Merlin XX engine and equipped with under wing bomb racks rated to carry two 250 lb. (112 kg) General Purpose bombs, the " Hurribomber became the staple fighter-bomber in all theatres of war and soldiered on with various engine, armour and armament upgrades until the end of hostilities.

==Game Play==

The Hurricane Mk IIB “Hurribomber” represents the Frist British fighter bomber to enter a Battleground Europe campaign. it is available from tier 1. It also available to the French air force. Like its predecessors it is not very fast and it does not climb very well in comparison to the opposition, which, at the time the Hurribomber debuts, is generally the much better performing Bf 109-F.

Because the Hurricane platform is always well behind the enemy on the speed and power curve, the Hurricane pilot must take this into account and fly so as to maximise his chances – for one on one, any reasonably well-handled Bf 109 has the speed and manoeuvrability to dominate the Hurricane in all aspects but one: turn radius. Knowing this the Hurricane pilot makes sure to arrive with a good head of steam and plenty of altitude to spend before he must use his remaining ace and turn for dear life, fighting in circles as described previously.

The Hurribomber likes all kinds of approaches to the combat area. Go in fast and hard on the deck for rapid attacks at low altitude; fly in teams of four to eight at medium altitude when friendly fighters own the sky; or come in from 12,000 or still higher with the engine on idle to 'bomb and run' when enemy fighters and AA guns are strongly present. For more guidance in this matter, please refer to the [[Close Air Support]] section.

=Hawker Hurricane Mk IIc=

{| class="wikitable floatright"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | [[File:Ac uk hurri 2c.jpg|400px]]
|- style="background:#666600; color:#fff;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | '''Hawker Hurricane Mk IIc'''
|- style="background:#ddb;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | Specifications
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Type''' || Fighter / Bomber
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Armament''' || 4 x 20 mm Cannon, 2 x 500 lb Bombs
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Crew''' || 1 (Pilot)
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Weight''' || 3,220kg
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Top Speed''' || 528km/h 329Mph
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Armored Glass Windscreen''' || Yes
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Pilot Armor (back/head)''' || Yes/Yes
|}

==History==

The same Universal Wing that was first employed with the Hurricane Mk IIB was also the main feature of the Mk IIC. Both the Mk IIB and Mk IIC were dubbed ”Hurribomber” as a reflection of its newly acquired fighter-bomber role – both variants were rated to carry two 250 lb bombs, later increased to two 500 lb bombs on underwing hardpoints. The distinguishing difference between the IIB and IIC was the latter's main armament, now comprising four 20 mm Hispano cannon. Service use of the Mk IIC began in April 1941, barely three months after the IIB's combat debut.

Some Hawker Hurricane IIBs and IICs carried six, later eight, 3 inch rocket projectiles underwing, after tests starting in February 1942, further improving its capacity for ground attack.

==Game Play==

The Hurricane Mk IIC “Hurribomber” represents the second British fighter bomber to enter a Battleground Europe campaign, arriving in game from tier 2. Like its predecessors it is not very fast and it does not climb very well in comparison to the opposition, which, at the time the Hurribomber debuts, is generally the much better performing Bf 109-F.

Because the Hurricane platform is always well behind the enemy on the speed and power curve, the Hurricane pilot must take this into account and fly so as to maximise his chances – for one on one, any reasonably well-handled Bf 109 has the speed and manoeuvrability to dominate the Hurricane in all aspects but one: turn radius. Knowing this the Hurricane pilot makes sure to arrive with a good head of steam and plenty of altitude to spend before he must use his remaining ace and turn for dear life, fighting in circles as described previously.

While the Hurribomber has the firepower to rip enemy aircraft to shreds at a brief touch of the trigger, and many pilots take delight in using it as a pure fighter, the Hurricane Mk IIC's earns its dues as a competent ground attack platform.

Use the Hurricane IIC in strength to bring an overwhelming amount of bombs and firepower to bear where the need is the greatest. While slow for a fighter it is nevertheless faster than a bomber, and can pick and choose between targets far easier than they – and defend itself against enemy fighters should the need arise.

The Hurribomber likes all kinds of approaches to the combat area. Go in fast and hard on the deck for rapid attacks at low altitude; fly in teams of four to eight at medium altitude when friendly fighters own the sky; or come in from 12,000 or still higher with the engine on idle to 'bomb and run' when enemy fighters and AA guns are strongly present. For more guidance in this matter, please refer to the [[Close Air Support]] section.

=Hawker Hurricane Mk IID=
{| class="wikitable floatright"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | [[File:Hurri 2D.png|400px]]
|- style="background:#666600; color:#fff;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | '''Hawker Hurricane Mk IID'''
|- style="background:#ddb;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | Specifications
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Type''' || Tank Buster
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Armament''' || 2 x 40 mm Vickers S Cannon, 2 x .303 Browning LMG
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Crew''' || 1 (Pilot)
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Weight''' || 3,560kg
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Top Speed''' || 460km/h 285Mph
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| '''Armored Glass Windscreen''' || Yes
|- style="background: white;"
| '''Pilot Armor (back/head)''' || Yes/Yes
|}

==History==
The " "Tank Buster"" was the second ground attack variant of the venerable Hurricane airframe, packing to hard-hitting Vickers-S 40 mm Armor piercing cannons and extra armor plate for the engine and pilot. Using the same
Merlin XX engine as t's MkllC cousin, the weight and drag of the big external guns in addition to the extra armour made the MkllD a little bit slower in top speed and climb than its MkllC predecessor.
The ongoing experimentation with increasingly heavy loadouts and different wing and gun packages gave the Hurricane the punch it needed to to be successful in several useful roles including that against both armour and shipping. This helped keep the rugged but dated airframe viable as a ground attack and close support fighter bomber throughout the latter half of the war. Apart from the first few production machines, all Hurri MkllD's had additional armour to protect pilot, radiator and engine from small-arms fire. Even with its extra armour and big guns, the plane was still susceptible to heavy groundfire and roving fighters, but even so, this sturdy warplane became the scourge of Rommel's armoured units in North Africa.

==Game Play==

 
 
 
 

<hr>

{{Template:Air Units}}

[[Category:Air Units]]

Plane Max G

2025-05-07T17:07:53Z

Hatch:

[[File:WWIIOL Aircraft Structural Limits Chart v3.png|thumb|File:WWIIOL Aircraft Structural Limits Chart v3]]

All WWII ONLINE aircraft are comprised of multiple components that together make up the airplane. Each component has a job to do. There are engine components, propeller components, wing components, fuselage components, fuel, oil, and glycol tank components, landing gear components, etc., etc. All components accrue damage incrementally, reaching progressive stages that further deteriorates their function as each progressive stage is reached, and have a maximum amount of damage that can be absorbed before complete component failure (the same damage levels used for combat damage for the components of each plane since the AC Damage Level Audit in 1.36.6 back in Aug 2020).

For the next section, refer to the WWIIOL Aircraft Structural Limits Chart v3 image on this page.

When over-stressing the air frame (going above the Orange "Emergency" values), damage is accrued to the wing components over time. When this is happening, you will hear an audible "wrenching metal" sound. The amount of damage being applied per period of time in over stress is determined by how far past the Orange "Emergency" values you go, up to the maximum "Structural Failure" limit. If you only go over the "Emergency" G level a little, and only stay there a short period of time, the damage applied will be very light. However, the farther you push past the safe Orange "Emergency" values, right up to the Red "Structural Failure" limits, the more damage per time in over-stress will be applied, up to the point of total component failure if you persist in remaining in over-stress long enough. The Red "Structural Failure" limit is just what it says. At any time the "Structural Failure" value is exceeded, the component will fail instantly. (Note: This includes the positive and negative G generated by ditching and rough landings.)

Example:

''Does cumulative damage mean that a damaged wing fails at a lower G or does it mean it rips faster when experiencing the normal G level?''
''e.g. Db7 wing has 90% damage, does that wing rip when it experiences G less than the normal amount, say +2G compared to +5 G? Or does it mean it rips faster than normal when exceeding the normal +5 G?''

Until whatever accrued wing component damage accumulates to the point of wing failure, the wing, while possibly having a little less Cl and a little more Cd due to whatever over-stress or combat damage it has already accumulated, is still functioning and attached to the air frame.

But when the maximum damage level is finally reached the wing component will fail and break off. So in your example of the 90% damaged Db7 wing, you have 10% left in the component before it fails. You can be safe and not use up any of the remaining 10% by not exceeding the Orange "Emergency" G values, OR you can continue to press your luck but use it up real slow by just barely popping over the db7 -3/+5 "Emergency" G limit, but not stay there too long, OR you can gamble it all and take your chances by using it up a lot faster by pushing the -3.5/+7.5 "Structural Failure" limit, or even take your chances on it failing instantly by unintentionally passing the Db7 -3.5/+7.5 "Structural Failure" limit while pushing it.

The airframe component doesn't care how the G is produced, pulling G’s when in flight or a hard/crash landing. If the Emergency numbers are exceeded, you are pulling from your "damage level reserve" bank. How much and how fast from the bank depends on how far over the "Emergency" G numbers you go. If the "Structural Failure" numbers are crossed, positive or negative, you’re instantly overdrawn.

P.S. On landing, it may no longer be a perfect representation of G induced damage because you’re not actually stressing the wings anymore with airframe weight, but I like the way it gives us the added benefit that G intensive hard and crash landings (aka intentionally slamming in wheels up because your in a hurry) now actually have consequences. You can still belly in without breaking things if you’re careful, but its a lot safer if you can do it slowly and smoothly and choose roads or fields over rougher plowed or forested terrain!

Plane Max G

2025-05-07T17:04:25Z

Hatch:

[[File:WWIIOL Aircraft Structural Limits Chart v3.png|thumb|File:WWIIOL Aircraft Structural Limits Chart v3]]

All WWII ONLINE aircraft are comprised of multiple components that together make up the airplane. Each component has a job to do. There are engine components, propeller components, wing components, fuselage components, fuel, oil, and glycol tank components, landing gear components, etc., etc. All components accrue damage incrementally, reaching progressive stages that further deteriorates their function as each progressive stage is reached, and have a maximum amount of damage that can be absorbed before complete component failure (the same damage levels used for combat damage for the components of each plane since the AC Damage Level Audit in 1.36.6 back in Aug 2020).

For the next section, refer to the WWIIOL Aircraft Structural Limits Chart v3 image on this page.

When over-stressing the air frame (going above the Orange "Emergency" values), damage is accrued to the wing components over time. When this is happening, you will hear an audible "wrenching metal" sound. The amount of damage being applied per period of time in over stress is determined by how far past the Orange "Emergency" values you go, up to the maximum "Structural Failure" limit. If you only go over the "Emergency" G level a little, and only stay there a short period of time, the damage applied will be very light. However, the farther you push past the safe Orange "Emergency" values, right up to the Red "Structural Failure" limits, the more damage per time in over-stress will be applied, up to the point of total component failure if you persist in remaining in over-stress long enough. The Red "Structural Failure" limit is just what it says. At any time the "Structural Failure" value is exceeded, the component will fail instantly. (Note: This includes the positive and negative G generated by ditching and rough landings.)

Example:

''Does cumulative damage mean that a damaged wing fails at a lower G or does it mean it rips faster when experiencing the normal G level?
e.g. Db7 wing has 90% damage, does that wing rip when it experiences G less than the normal amount, say +2G compared to +5 G? Or does it mean it rips faster than normal when exceeding the normal +5 G?''

Until whatever accrued wing component damage accumulates to the point of wing failure, the wing, while possibly having a little less Cl and a little more Cd due to whatever over-stress or combat damage it has already accumulated, is still functioning and attached to the air frame.

But when the maximum damage level is finally reached the wing component will fail and break off. So in your example of the 90% damaged Db7 wing, you have 10% left in the component before it fails. You can be safe and not use up any of the remaining 10% by not exceeding the Orange "Emergency" G values, OR you can continue to press your luck but use it up real slow by just barely popping over the db7 -3/+5 "Emergency" G limit, but not stay there too long, OR you can gamble it all and take your chances by using it up a lot faster by pushing the -3.5/+7.5 "Structural Failure" limit, or even take your chances on it failing instantly by unintentionally passing the Db7 -3.5/+7.5 "Structural Failure" limit while pushing it.

The airframe component doesn't care how the G is produced, pulling G’s when in flight or a hard/crash landing. If the Emergency numbers are exceeded, you are pulling from your "damage level reserve" bank. How much and how fast from the bank depends on how far over the "Emergency" G numbers you go. If the "Structural Failure" numbers are crossed, positive or negative, you’re instantly overdrawn.

P.S. On landing, it may no longer be a perfect representation of G induced damage because you’re not actually stressing the wings anymore with airframe weight, but I like the way it gives us the added benefit that G intensive hard and crash landings (aka intentionally slamming in wheels up because your in a hurry) now actually have consequences. You can still belly in without breaking things if you’re careful, but its a lot safer if you can do it slowly and smoothly and choose roads or fields over rougher plowed or forested terrain!

Plane Max G

2025-05-07T17:03:57Z

Hatch:

[[File:WWIIOL Aircraft Structural Limits Chart v3.png|thumb|File:WWIIOL Aircraft Structural Limits Chart v3]]

All WWII ONLINE Aircraft are comprised of multiple components that together make up the airplane. Each component has a job to do. There are engine components, propeller components, wing components, fuselage components, fuel, oil, and glycol tank components, landing gear components, etc., etc. All components accrue damage incrementally, reaching progressive stages that further deteriorates their function as each progressive stage is reached, and have a maximum amount of damage that can be absorbed before complete component failure (the same damage levels used for combat damage for the components of each plane since the AC Damage Level Audit in 1.36.6 back in Aug 2020).

For the next section, refer to the WWIIOL Aircraft Structural Limits Chart v3 image on this page.

When over-stressing the air frame (going above the Orange "Emergency" values), damage is accrued to the wing components over time. When this is happening, you will hear an audible "wrenching metal" sound. The amount of damage being applied per period of time in over stress is determined by how far past the Orange "Emergency" values you go, up to the maximum "Structural Failure" limit. If you only go over the "Emergency" G level a little, and only stay there a short period of time, the damage applied will be very light. However, the farther you push past the safe Orange "Emergency" values, right up to the Red "Structural Failure" limits, the more damage per time in over-stress will be applied, up to the point of total component failure if you persist in remaining in over-stress long enough. The Red "Structural Failure" limit is just what it says. At any time the "Structural Failure" value is exceeded, the component will fail instantly. (Note: This includes the positive and negative G generated by ditching and rough landings.)

Example:

''Does cumulative damage mean that a damaged wing fails at a lower G or does it mean it rips faster when experiencing the normal G level?
e.g. Db7 wing has 90% damage, does that wing rip when it experiences G less than the normal amount, say +2G compared to +5 G? Or does it mean it rips faster than normal when exceeding the normal +5 G?''

Until whatever accrued wing component damage accumulates to the point of wing failure, the wing, while possibly having a little less Cl and a little more Cd due to whatever over-stress or combat damage it has already accumulated, is still functioning and attached to the air frame.

But when the maximum damage level is finally reached the wing component will fail and break off. So in your example of the 90% damaged Db7 wing, you have 10% left in the component before it fails. You can be safe and not use up any of the remaining 10% by not exceeding the Orange "Emergency" G values, OR you can continue to press your luck but use it up real slow by just barely popping over the db7 -3/+5 "Emergency" G limit, but not stay there too long, OR you can gamble it all and take your chances by using it up a lot faster by pushing the -3.5/+7.5 "Structural Failure" limit, or even take your chances on it failing instantly by unintentionally passing the Db7 -3.5/+7.5 "Structural Failure" limit while pushing it.

The airframe component doesn't care how the G is produced, pulling G’s when in flight or a hard/crash landing. If the Emergency numbers are exceeded, you are pulling from your "damage level reserve" bank. How much and how fast from the bank depends on how far over the "Emergency" G numbers you go. If the "Structural Failure" numbers are crossed, positive or negative, you’re instantly overdrawn.

P.S. On landing, it may no longer be a perfect representation of G induced damage because you’re not actually stressing the wings anymore with airframe weight, but I like the way it gives us the added benefit that G intensive hard and crash landings (aka intentionally slamming in wheels up because your in a hurry) now actually have consequences. You can still belly in without breaking things if you’re careful, but its a lot safer if you can do it slowly and smoothly and choose roads or fields over rougher plowed or forested terrain!

Plane Max G

2025-05-07T17:03:00Z

Hatch: Created page with "File:WWIIOL Aircraft Structural Limits Chart v3 All WWII ONLINE Aircraft are comprised of multiple components th..."

[[File:WWIIOL Aircraft Structural Limits Chart v3.png|thumb|File:WWIIOL Aircraft Structural Limits Chart v3]]

All WWII ONLINE Aircraft are comprised of multiple components that together make up the airplane. Each component has a job to do. There are engine components, propeller components, wing components, fuselage components, fuel, oil, and glycol tank components, landing gear components, etc., etc. All components accrue damage incrementally, reaching progressive stages that further deteriorates their function as each progressive stage is reached, and have a maximum amount of damage that can be absorbed before complete component failure (the same damage levels used for combat damage for the components of each plane since the AC Damage Level Audit in 1.36.6 back in Aug 2020).

For the next section, refer to the WWIIOL Aircraft Structural Limits Chart v3 image on this page.

When over-stressing the air frame (going above the Orange "Emergency" values), damage is accrued to the wing components over time. When this is happening, you will hear an audible "wrenching metal" sound. The amount of damage being applied per period of time in over stress is determined by how far past the Orange "Emergency" values you go, up to the maximum "Structural Failure" limit. If you only go over the "Emergency" G level a little, and only stay there a short period of time, the damage applied will be very light. However, the farther you push past the safe Orange "Emergency" values, right up to the Red "Structural Failure" limits, the more damage per time in over-stress will be applied, up to the point of total component failure if you persist in remaining in over-stress long enough. The Red "Structural Failure" limit is just what it says. At any time the "Structural Failure" value is exceeded, the component will fail instantly. (Note: This includes the positive and negative G generated by ditching and rough landings.)

Example:

''Does cumulative damage mean that a damaged wing fails at a lower G or does it mean it rips faster when experiencing the normal G level?
e.g. Db7 wing has 90% damage, does that wing rip when it experiences G less than the normal amount, say +2G compared to +5 G? Or does it mean it rips faster than normal when exceeding the normal +5 G?''

Until whatever accrued wing component damage accumulates to the point of wing failure, the wing, while possibly having a little less Cl and a little more Cd due to whatever over-stress or combat damage it has already accumulated, is still functioning and attached to the air frame.

But when the maximum damage level is finally reached the wing component will fail and break off. So in your example of the 90% damaged Db7 wing, you have 10% left in the component before it fails. You can be safe and not use up any of the remaining 10% by not exceeding the Orange "Emergency" G values, OR you can continue to press your luck but use it up real slow by just barely popping over the db7 -3/+5 "Emergency" G limit, but not stay there too long, OR you can gamble it all and take your chances by using it up a lot faster by pushing the -3.5/+7.5 "Structural Failure" limit, or even take your chances on it failing instantly by unintentionally passing the Db7 -3.5/+7.5 "Structural Failure" limit while pushing it.

The airframe component doesn't care how the G is produced, pulling G’s when in flight or a hard/crash landing. If the Emergency numbers are exceeded, you are pulling from your "damage level reserve" bank. How much and how fast from the bank depends on how far over the "Emergency" G numbers you go. If the "Structural Failure" numbers are crossed, positive or negative, you’re instantly overdrawn.

P.S. On landing, it may no longer be a perfect representation of G induced damage because you’re not actually stressing the wings anymore with airframe weight, but I like the way it gave us the added benefit that G intensive hard and crash landings (aka intentionally slamming in wheels up because your in a hurry) now actually have consequences. You can still belly in without breaking things if you’re careful, but its a lot safer if you can do it slowly and smoothly and choose roads or fields over rougher plowed or forested terrain!

File:WWIIOL Aircraft Structural Limits Chart v3.png

2025-05-07T15:25:23Z

Hatch:

WWIIOL Aircraft Structural G Limits Chart depicting Operational, Emergency, and Structural Failure positive and negative G values for all aircraft.

General Instruction

2025-05-07T15:16:00Z

Hatch:

=General Instruction=

'''New to air combat?''' Start off by reading [https://pilotpress.wordpress.com/in-pursuit/ "In Pursuit"], an excellent (free) resource for both beginner and intermediate pilots.

Fighting in the air seems deceptively easy: all you have to do is motor up to the bad guy and shoot him down, right? You wish! There’s a whole lot more to fighting than pointing your nose at the enemy – you have to manage your engine, keep the aircraft trimmed properly, look about you, maneuver, plan ahead, keep your speed up, navigate, communicate, stay calm, and fly your aircraft so as to engage with a number of advantages instead of always fighting at a disadvantage.

Three major concepts encapsulate all of the above, and the pilot who acts to maintain a high level in all three categories will meet with success, while the pilot who fails in every category will likely not survive more than a few minutes in any combat. You need:
* [[Situational Awareness| Awareness]]
* [[Energy|Energy (Speed+Altitude)]]
* Surprise (Position+Speed of attack)

There are two important multipliers which interact with the above:
Numbers and Organisation. If you outnumber the enemy you can usually get away with having a low awareness and low energy, and if you fly with an element of organisation (which implies communication) you will also benefit materially and get away from situations where you would otherwise be stone dead.
 
First of all you need to increase your Awareness – which means careful study of all the details that pertain to aircraft and aerial combat. Keep reading! 

==Ten Easy Rules==

#'''Before you take off, check the map''' (M) and determine where the action is and where to find friendly aircraft. In the left hand column you’ll find a "target" symbol. Click on it to activate the Air Warning System (AWS) grid, which gives a rough outline of enemy activity. Red means 5+ enemy aircraft, yellow means less than 5 enemy aircraft. Note that intel is delayed with anything from 30-90 seconds. Friendly aircraft on your mission are shown as white plane icons.
#'''Climb!''' Pilots found below 2 km (6000 ft) are easy prey for seasoned veterans who lurk above, and for the very deadly anti-aircraft gunners who abound on the ground. You will want to be flying at 4-6 km (12000-18000 ft) when entering a hot zone. Only if that altitude is clear should you go diving down to try your luck.
#'''Friendly aircraft have blue halos and name tags.''' Don’t shoot at them (it will not hurt them but annoy them immensely) – save your ammo for the aircraft with red halos and aircraft type tags.
#'''Look around you at all times.''' The enemy has a tendency to park behind you before shooting you down, so look behind your tail every 5 seconds.
#'''Fire only at short range.''' You will want to fill the gunsight with enemy before letting rip. If the EA is but a small dot, forget it.
#'''Do not fly directly at the enemy''' which comes straight at you. Head-on attacks are extremely detrimental to your health. Check out the [[Advanced Combat Maneuvers|ACM section]] for tips on how to fly and fight.
#'''Keep your speed up.''' Low, slow and turning is a free ticket to the nether regions.
#'''Fly gently.''' If you pull too hard on the stick, you will black out and possibly crash.
#If you manage to shoot down an EA, flame a truck or bomb a bridge, return immediately to base to '''collect your mission success points'''. So doing, you will rapidly gain rank and access to better performing aircraft.
#'''Stay civil.''' No amount of moaning, cursing or belly-aching will help you improve. Learn from your mistakes and keep your chin up.

==Essential Game Controllers==

To fully appreciate the fabulousity of WWII Online in the air you will need a decent joystick. The game can be played with any USB game controller or even with the mouse – but trust us, you will not be successful. You might be able to get airborne with keyboard/mouse control but you will be easy meat for the seasoned pilots and only pad their stats.
If you are serious about flying, consider investing in a state of the art joystick with separate throttle and rudders. Your gear will come in handy for all sorts of ground vehicles and naval units as well, so you will not be sorry.
The minimum requirement is that your joystick has a throttle lever/wheel and preferably a twisting handle to give rudder control. Your stick needs at least one trigger and three to four other buttons/toggles to accommodate all the necessary controls. Typically you will also appreciate a “coolie hat” for view control.
If you have a separate throttle unit it will likely have more buttons/toggles for additional controls and macros.
Rudders are not essential but highly recommended. Flying without rudder control is like trying to ride a bike on rims – you can turn, though not very well.

'''Essential keymapping'''
* View hat – level views and forward-up view (POV N)
* Trigger – primary fire (F)
* Secondary trigger or button 2– secondary fire (B) for cannons and bombs
* Button 3 – upview, to be combined with level views
* Button 4 – gunsight/bombsight view
* 2-way toggle 1 – elevator trim up and down (K, I)
* 2-way toggle 2 – RPM up and down (‘ and ;)
* 2-way toggle 3 – flaps up and down (W, Q)
* Additional buttons if you have them: WEP (F8), map (M), voice comms transmit button (user defined), landing gear up/down (G), crew stations (1-6), Instrument view

==Cockpit Instruments==
What instrument is that? What is it good for? Why should I bother looking at it at all?
Situational Awareness starts with being aware of the speed, altitude, heading and general performance of your aircraft at any given time. Throw a glance at your cockpit instruments every now and then to determine your status. At first the array of dials and readouts may seem intimidating and difficult to read, and sometimes hard to find – however, with experience you will soon learn to find the correct gauge in the blink of an eye, and learn that there are primary and secondary instruments.

* Primary instruments: altimeter, airspeed indicator, compass
* Secondary instruments: engine and fluid gauges, attitude indicators, landing gear indicator

Once you are familiarized with the instrumention in one type of aircraft you can be fairly certain to find your way around any other aircraft type, for they are largely similar in appearance.

==Trim and Engine Management==
Learn how to fly a lean, clean and mean aircraft! [[Trim and Engine Management|Here]]

==Energy==
The concept of Energy is fundamental to air combat and requires more than a cursory study. Understanding Energy is not complicated but keeping a close tab on your energy state, as well as the energy state of all aircraft around you including those beyond visual range, is extremely complex – because the energy situation changes constantly with the multitudes of moves and vectors and positions involved in the overall air combat equation.
Energy is more than that gruesome piece of chocolate you find in your lint-filled pocket. [[Energy|Here]]

==Situational Awareness==
Situational Awareness (SA) is a catch-all term for “knowing what goes on around you and adapting to it”. SA is what matters in the fight – it is not the aircraft, not the numbers, nor the situation itself. You have heard the saying “it is the one you do not see that kills you” and that is very much so. If you do not see the threat, if you are not aware of it, then you cannot manoeuvre profitably against it. Lose sight, lose the fight!
Pilots wear silk scarves for a reason. Look inside! [[Situational Awareness|Here]]

==Understanding the Range Indicator==

Quickly determine distances from friendly and enemy aircraft.

==Guns and Gunnery==
The idea of launching a fighter into the air is to find and destroy the enemy in the air (and sometimes to blow stuff up on the ground). This can only be achieved by closing to the appropriate range, there to open devastating and destructive fire with your forward-firing armament. This seems straightforward enough but is indeed a rather daunting task, as you will certainly experience. For there is more to air combat than merely pointing your guns at the enemy – you will first have to fly your aircraft to a promising position, and avoid countless dangers on the way to that position, and then stay there long enough to deliver effective fire.
Having trouble reaching out to the dear old enemy? Help is nigh! [[GUNS_AIR|Here]]

==Air Gunners and Bombardiers==
Some Fighters and all of the bombers (and Junkers Ju-52) have single or multiple air gunners trained to various aspects of the sky. You the pilot may switch freely between the pilot seat and available air gunner positions using the numbered keys (1-9).
Learn more about the Gunner and Bombardier and their work environment. [[Air Gunners and Bombardiers|Here]]

==Finding action and gaining rank==
At last, the important piece of advice! [[Finding action and gaining rank|Here]]

==Aircraft Max Speeds==

Hers listed is the Maximum Airspeeds of all Fighters, Bombers and Transport Planes. [[Plane_Max_Speed | Here]]

==Aircraft Max G Limits==

Here listed is the Maximum G Limits of all Fighters, Bombers and Transport Planes. [[Plane_Max_G | Here]]

[[Basic Flight Maneuvers|Continue to Basic Flight Maneuvers]]

[[Air Force|Back to Air Force main page]]

[[Category:Air]]